▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank TOEFL Reading move about, do, allowing, only live, learning * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. cephalopod2. inhabit 3. coral reef4. suction cup 5. beak6. skeleton 7. invertebrate8. maze 9. life expectancy10. reproduction 11. hatch12. crawl 13. expel14. secondary 15. predator16. melanin 17. ingredient 18. Males can for a few months after mating, and females die shortly after their eggs hatch. 수컷은 짝짓기 후 불과 몇 개월 동안만 살 수 있으며, 암컷은 알이 부화한 후 곧 죽는다. 19. However, maze and problem-solving experiments have shown that they have both short- and long-term memory. 그러나 미로와 문제 해결 실험들은 문어가 단기와 장기 기억력을 갖고 있음을 보여주었다. 20. The exact extent of their intelligence and capability is much debated among biologists. 정확한 그들의 지능과 학습 능력은 생물학자들 사이에서 많은 논란을 불러 일으키고 있다. 21. Octopuses by crawling or swimming. 문어는 기거나 수영을 해서 움직인다. 22. Most octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, them to squeeze through tight places. 대부분의 문어들은 내부 혹은 외부의 골격을 갖고 있지 않아 그들로 하여금 좁은 곳에 들어갈 수 있게 한다.

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Octopus -- Intelligent Invertebrate The octopus is a cephalopod that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs. Octopuses have two eyes and four pairs of arms usually bearing suction cups. An octopus has a hard beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. Most octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. Octopuses are highly intelligent, probably the most intelligent of all invertebrates. The exact extent of their intelligence and learning capability is much debated among biologists. However, maze and problem-solving experiments have shown that they do have both short- and long-term memory. The octopus is the only invertebrate which uses tools. Octopuses have a relatively short life expectancy, and some species live for as little as six months. Reproduction is one of the causes of death: males can only live for a few months after mating, and females die shortly after their eggs hatch. Octopuses move about by crawling or swimming. They crawl by walking on their arms. Octopuses swim by expelling a jet of water. An octopus’s main primary defense is to hide. The most common secondary defense is fast escape. Most octopuses can eject a thick blackish ink in a large cloud to aid in escaping from predators. The main coloring agent of the ink is melanin, which is the same chemical that gives humans their hair and skin color. Humans eat octopus in many cultures. The arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways, often varying by species. Octopus is a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine, including sushi and takoyaki. Octopus is also a common food in Mediterranean cuisine and people eat octopus regularly in Hawaii TOEFL Reading 23. How are Octopuses able to squeeze through tight spaces? ① They are an extremely intelligent species. ② Octopuses are very slippery, enabling them to squeeze through tight spaces. ③ They speed through the tight space by releasing a jet stream. ④ Octopuses have no internal or external skeletons, enabling them to squeeze their bodies. 24. How can we describe an octopuses secondary defense technique? ① Octopuses eject a cloud of black ink, to blind its predator so they can escape quickly. ② Octopuses generally try to hide in a dark spot. ③ Since Octopuses are able to squeeze through tight spaces, they are able to escape larger predators with ease. ④ Octopuses are able to use a form of camouflage, which blends their skin into the color of what surrounds them.

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the one that is grammatically correct. 30. In 2000, my dad (came / have come) back to Korea TOEFL Reading 25. Find the word in the article which most closely means 'discharge'. ① Escape ② Inject ③ Release ④ Squeeze 26. Experiments have shown that _____. ① Octopuses are able to squeeze through tight spaces. ② Octopuses are able to relese a cloud of black ink to help escape from predators. ③ Octopuses have a short life expectancy. ④ Octopuses show signs of both short and long term memory. 27. Japanese culture commonly eat different forms of octopus. _____ 28. Octopuses have four arms and 2 eyes, usually bearing suction cups. _____ 29. Octopuses are the only invertebrate that don't use tools. _____

▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank TOEFL Reading move about, do, allowing, only live, learning 18. Males can only live for a few months after mating, and females die shortly after their eggs hatch. 수컷은 짝짓기 후 불과 몇 개월 동안만 살 수 있으며, 암컷은 알이 부화한 후 곧 죽는다. 19. However, maze and problem-solving experiments have shown that they do have both short- and long-term memory. 그러나 미로와 문제 해결 실험들은 문어가 단기와 장기 기억력을 갖고 있음을 보여주었다. 20. The exact extent of their intelligence and learning capability is much debated among biologists. 정확한 그들의 지능과 학습 능력은 생물학자들 사이에서 많은 논란을 불러 일으키고 있다. 21. Octopuses move about by crawling or swimming. 문어는 기거나 수영을 해서 움직인다. 22. Most octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. 대부분의 문어들은 내부 혹은 외부의 골격을 갖고 있지 않아 그들로 하여금 좁은 곳에 들어갈 수 있게 한다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. cephalopod [ 문어나 오징어와 같은 두족류 동물 ]2. inhabit [ 살다 ] 3. coral reef [ 산호초 ]4. suction cup [ 흡각 빨판 ] 5. beak [ 부리 ]6. skeleton [ 뼈대, 골격, 해골 ] 7. invertebrate [ 무척추 동물 ]8. maze [ 미로 ] 9. life expectancy [ 기대 수명 ]10. reproduction [ 생식, 번식 ] 11. hatch [ 부화하다 ]12. crawl [ 기다, 기어가다 ] 13. expel [ 공기나 물을 배출하다 ]14. secondary [ 부차적인 ] 15. predator [ 포식자 ]16. melanin [ 멜라닌 ] 17. ingredient [ 재료 ]

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Octopus -- Intelligent Invertebrate The octopus is a cephalopod that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs. Octopuses have two eyes and four pairs of arms usually bearing suction cups. An octopus has a hard beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. Most octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. Octopuses are highly intelligent, probably the most intelligent of all invertebrates. The exact extent of their intelligence and learning capability is much debated among biologists. However, maze and problem-solving experiments have shown that they do have both short- and long-term memory. The octopus is the only invertebrate which uses tools. Octopuses have a relatively short life expectancy, and some species live for as little as six months. Reproduction is one of the causes of death: males can only live for a few months after mating, and females die shortly after their eggs hatch. Octopuses move about by crawling or swimming. They crawl by walking on their arms. Octopuses swim by expelling a jet of water. An octopus’s main primary defense is to hide. The most common secondary defense is fast escape. Most octopuses can eject a thick blackish ink in a large cloud to aid in escaping from predators. The main coloring agent of the ink is melanin, which is the same chemical that gives humans their hair and skin color. Humans eat octopus in many cultures. The arms and sometimes other body parts are prepared in various ways, often varying by species. Octopus is a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine, including sushi and takoyaki. Octopus is also a common food in Mediterranean cuisine and people eat octopus regularly in Hawaii TOEFL Reading 23. How are Octopuses able to squeeze through tight spaces? [4] ① They are an extremely intelligent species. ② Octopuses are very slippery, enabling them to squeeze through tight spaces. ③ They speed through the tight space by releasing a jet stream. ④ Octopuses have no internal or external skeletons, enabling them to squeeze their bodies. 24. How can we describe an octopuses secondary defense technique? [1] ① Octopuses eject a cloud of black ink, to blind its predator so they can escape quickly. ② Octopuses generally try to hide in a dark spot. ③ Since Octopuses are able to squeeze through tight spaces, they are able to escape larger predators with ease. ④ Octopuses are able to use a form of camouflage, which blends their skin into the color of what surrounds them.

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the one that is grammatically correct. 30. In 2000, my dad (came / have come) back to Korea TOEFL Reading 25. Find the word in the article which most closely means 'discharge'. [3] ① Escape ② Inject ③ Release ④ Squeeze 26. Experiments have shown that _____. [4] ① Octopuses are able to squeeze through tight spaces. ② Octopuses are able to relese a cloud of black ink to help escape from predators. ③ Octopuses have a short life expectancy. ④ Octopuses show signs of both short and long term memory. 27. Japanese culture commonly eat different forms of octopus. [T] 28. Octopuses have four arms and 2 eyes, usually bearing suction cups. [F] 29. Octopuses are the only invertebrate that don't use tools. [F]