Lung Capacity

Tidal Volume  TV: The amount of air going into or out of the lungs on single breath.

Expiratory reserve Volume  ERV: Air left to be exhaled AFTER normal breathing (exhalation)

Inspiratory Reserve volume  IRV: The amount of air you can take in after tidal volume.

Vital Capacity  VC: Total amount of air you can move.  VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Inspiratory Capacity  IC: How much air you bring in  IC = TV + IRV

Residual Volume  RV: What is left in the lungs that you can not move!

DEAD SPACE  Air in passage way that never makes it to gas exchange.  TV: 500 ml about 150 ml is dead.

IRV ERV

FULL OF HOT AIR  Lets see who has the largest lungs shall we? 449

External respiration  Getting air from the atmosphere into the blood. (gas to dissolve into liquid)

Hemoglobin (Hb)  Oxygen is not very soluble, so it binds to the carrier hemoglobin on the RBC.

Hemoglobin  Hb + O 2  HbO 2 (oxyhemoglobin)

Hemoglobin  The hemoglobin contains iron, this is where O 2 attaches.  Iron  Hb  RBC

Decompression Sickness  Divers go to deep for too long. Extra pressure FORCES nitrogen to dissolve into blood.

Decompression Sickness  IF they come up too fast nitrogen forms bubbles in joints: “the bends”

CO poisoning  Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless,  Attached to Hb before oxygen does and you suffocate

TABLE Time:  Find the percentage of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide that we use or expel.

: TABLE TIME Oxygen Atmosphere 160 mm Hg Alveoli 100 mm Hg Capillary 40 mm Hg Tissue/Cells 20 mm Hg

: TABLE TIME Oxygen Atmosphere21% Alveoli13% Capillary5% Tissue/Cells3%

: TABLE TIME CO 2 Atmosphere.3 mm Hg Alveoli 40 mm Hg Capillary 45 mm Hg Tissue/Cells 50 mm Hg

: TABLE TIME CO 2 Atmosphere.0003% Alveoli5.3% Capillary6% Tissue/Cells6.6%

Internal Respiration  Getting blood to tissues and cells.

Saturation  How much of the hemoglobin is carrying oxygen, at normal pressure ~ 97% saturation.

Factors Affecting saturation  1. Temperature: When temperature goes down, saturation goes

Factors Affecting saturation  2. Acidity:  ph down =  acidity up =  saturation down=

Factors Affecting saturation  3. Pressure:  Pressure down  Saturation down

Effect of altitude (4)  1. Less pressure with higher altitude.  2. Increase breathing rate for more air.

Effect of altitude  3. Heart rate increase to move more blood.  4. Body produces more RBC’s

CO 2 Transport  Getting CO 2 out of tissues. 3 ways to do it.

CO 2 Transport  1. 8% CO 2 taken by plasma

CO 2 Transport  2. Hemoglobin carries about 25%

CO 2 Transport  3. Carbonic Acid  CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 H + + HCO 3 -

COLOR OF BREATH LAB  LAB TIME