Second Phase Chinese Civil War By: Tony

Context Monarchy overthrow  Internal Strife/Weak Government First Phase – 1927 to 1937 Nationalists (GMD) winning vs Communists (CCP) Second Phase – 1937 to 1945 Nationalists open warfare vs Japanese Third Phase – 1945 to 1949 Communists win

Nationalists Headed by Chiang Kai-Shek (see previous page) Wanted to unite China under Nationalist banner Nationalists were initially winning Nationalists were allied to the Communists, but later Chiang Kai-Shek was wary of the communists threat and purged many of them Nationalists had support of landlords and people in cities (upper class) and most of their capital came from the citiesa Had many benefits; efficiency and had support of West

Communists Headed by Mao-Ze-Dong (see previous page) and soldiers were treated well and felt part of the cause Communists had support of the rural population (lower, middle class) Large army yet unequipped with no help from the West Communists fought the war against the Japanese through guerrilla warfare perceived as more effective than open warfare

Second Phase – Peace Treaty Second Phase Peace Treaty between Nationalists and Communists to fight off Imperial Japan An uneasy alliance was formed; which had little effect as there was little cooperation between Nationalists and Communists Japanese took over city by city; severely crippling potential Nationalist capital

Methods of warfare Nationalist leader Chiang Kai Shek confronted Japanese full on, leading to heavy troop losses Communist leader Mae Ze Dong was achieving gains through guerrilla warfare; at one point even mobilized up to 5 million soldiers

Rise of popularity of Mao Mao’s guerrilla warfare tactics proved successful Mao’s land reform policy of giving farm land to thousands of hungry and starving farmers added to the momentum Mao offered mistreated Nationalist troops allegiance to the Communist cause. Many agreed.

Conclusion At the end of World War 2; while Nationalists were extremely weakened and Communists were extremely popular the Nationalists and Communists resumed fighting Communists defeated Nationalists in various battles Nationalists fled to Taiwan where they still reside