Discussion Question Napoleon Bonaparte became France’s leader after the revolution. He was a brilliant military commander known for his great leadership ability. He took a personal interest in his soldiers’ lives and made sure they were well paid and well-supplied. Why do you think Napoleon showed interest in even his youngest soldiers?

Napoleon Forges an Empire A military genius, Napoleon Bonaparte, seized power in France and made himself emperor.

NAPOLEON’s Early Life Napoleon was born in 1769 in Corsica, and island in the Mediterranean. His father came from minor nobility in Italy but the family was not rich. When he finished school Napoleon became a lieutenant in the French army. His peers initially saw him as an outsider due to his Italian accent, making him unpopular with his fellow officers.

NAPOLEON GRASPS THE POWER Terror of Revolution Ends with Robspierre’s execution - Napoleon was appointed head of French army in Italy in 1796: His energy & initiative earned him the devotion of his troops. 1799 Napoleon lead a Champaign against the British in Egypt. - Britain's superior Navy defeated the French Navy in the Mediterranean and Napoleon fled his army to return to Paris Coup d’Etat- a sudden overthrow of the government - Nov. 9, 1799— Napoleon seizes political power - One of Napoleon’s first moves was to establish peace with the Catholic Church

NAPOLEON RULES FRANCE Napoleon Crowned as Emperor Dec 2, 1804-crowned Emperor Restoring Order at Home 1. Stable economy and equality in taxation 2. Established a national bank 3. Established government-run public schools 4. Promoted religious toleration 5. Napoleonic Civil Code—set of laws a. Restricted many freedoms won by the revolution b. Speech, press, slavery Three Estates – 97% 3rd Estate upset about having to pay all the taxes

NAPOLEON CREATES AN EMPIRE A. Conquering Europe a. Napoleon wins new territory for France b. Italy, Austria B. New World Territories a. Louisiana Purchase i.1803-Jefferson and Napoleon agree on $15 million

The Battle of Trafalgar Great Britain was Napoleon's greatest enemy The Battle of Trafalgar - French defeated by Admiral Nelson - 2 major outcomes 1. Secured British naval supremacy for next 100 years 2. Forced Napoleon to give up plans of invading Britain

Napoleon’s Empire By 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe People resented him Hated paying taxes, sending soldiers Growing nationalism- The unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols. Conquered ethnic groups wanted their own nations

NAPOLEON’S COSTLY MISTAKES Napoleon established a Continental System that he hoped would defeat Britain. It was designed to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. Russia refused to remain in the Continental System. Napoleon felt he had to invade. 600,000 men entered Russia Russia adopted a “scorched-earth policy” & burned everything as they retreated eastward

Invasion of Russia Sept 14, Napoleon takes Moscow a. Russians burned it down Winter sets in…Napoleon retreated -cold, raiders, and starvation killed most of his remaining army - About 400,000 died

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL -Austrians, Russians, and Prussians took over Paris -Napoleon forced to surrender, banished to Elba in 1814

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL -Attempts to retake control in 1815 - Ruled for “hundred days” - At Waterloo in Belgium Napoleon is defeated by joint British & Persian army lead by the Duke of Wellington - Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena, a small island in the south Atlantic. He remained in exile until his death in 1821.

After Napoleon Peace conference- Congress of Vienna - Redrew map of Europe - Took back territory from France - Re-established monarchs - Created alliances to defend against nationalistic ideas - Principle of Intervention- idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments.

REMINDERS UNIT 8 TEST IS NEXT WEEK! Juniors- I will not see you before test day Get vocab and review guide in Unit 8 Packet DONE Deadline for any missing/late work Extra credit opportunities on website!

Concentration Game: The Fall of Napoleon and the European Reaction You will work in small groups to create a concentration game using facts from the text and your notes today. You need to create 8 pairs. Place of Napoleon’s final defeat Waterloo

How were each of these islands important to Napoleon’s life? Corsica Great Britain Elba St. Helena