Essential Question Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class: 1.What makes an Empire? Do empires exist today?

Chapter 7 The French Revolution and Napoleon

Gains popularity –Saves the French Revolution from royalists –Military victories, but hides his defeats Seizes power through a coup d’etat –Uses military support to take over gov’t –Plebiscite established new constitution w/ Napoleon as head of government –Crowns himself emperor Accomplishments during peacetime –Establishes a fairer tax code to help econ recover –Got rid of corrupt officials –Created gov’t run schools to train officials –Set up a comprehensive set of laws Napoleonic Code actually limits civil rights Section 3 The Rise of Napoleon royalists: supporters of monarchy plebiscite: vote of the people comprehensive: covering a wide area of topics Civil rights: liberties, freedom of speech, press, etc…

Expands French Empire –Gives up territory in the Americas to concentrate on conquering Euro Haiti slave revolt Sold Louisiana Territory to US –$ to fund war –Help US become a rival to GB Many successful battles in Euro –Cannot conquer Great Britain Lost Battle of Trafalgar (naval battle) –Admiral Nelson divided French Fleet & attacked smaller groups of ships –Ensured supremacy of GB navy –Forced Napoleon to give up conquering GB –Rules Europe through alliances & puppet rulers Some rulers are his family members rival: competition, opponent Naval battle: fighting in the water w/ ships Puppet ruler: ruler of the country is controlled by another country

Napoleon Forges an Empire ActionsGoal(s)Result(s) 1. Establishment of national bank and efficient tax- collection system Stable econ and more equality in taxation Steady supple of tax $, better control of econ, financial management 2. Enacting Napoleonic Code of Law Comprehensive and uniform system of law Eliminationg of many injustices; promotion of order over individual rights; rights were restricted 3. Sending troops to Saint Domingue Regaining FR control; restoring productive sugar industry Failure; death of thousands of soldiers 4. Selling Louisiana Territory to the US Make $; cut losses in Americas; punish Brit Assured power of US; gave Eng a powerful rival 5. Waging Battle of TrafalgarRemove threat of Brit navy; defeat major enemy Assured supremacy of Brit navy; forced Napoleon to give up plans to invade Brit Create the chart below. In your group, describe the goal(s) and result(s) of Napoleon’s action

Section 4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Costly mistakes lead to downfall –Continental System backfires Blockade against GB is not enforced by all allies GB navy puts a stronger blockade on FR –Puppet ruler in Spain creates nationalism Guerrillas attack FR on their way to Portugal –Portugal was not enforcing Continental System Nationalism spreads to other countries –Unsuccessful Invasion of Russia While retreating, RUS used scorched-earth policy –Burning & destroying everything so the enemy cannot use it Harsh winter and RUS attacks during FR retreat costly defeat: 390,000 die Blockade: not allowing ships into a country Guerrillas: peasant fighters, untrained soldiers nationalism: loyalty to your own country

Downfall –Untrained army is defeated, Napoleon is exiled –Escapes to defeat new king of France Ppl are think Louis XVIII will undo the Revolution Thousands welcome back Napoleon and volunteer to fight for him –Loses Battle of Waterloo & is exiled for good –Napoleon’s traits Courage Brilliant military mind Ability to inspire others Exiled: sent away from

Napoleon’s Downfall ActionsContribution to downfall 1. Ordered a blockade to prevent trade and communication between GB and other Euro nations Weakened the economies of FR & other lands under Napoleon’s control more than it damaged GB 2. Sent an army to invade Portugal and began the Peninsular War Loss of many soldiers weakened French Empire; created nationalistic feelings that encouraged conquered ppl to revolt against FR 3. In June 1812, invaded Russia w/ his Grand Army Desperate FR soldiers deserted in search of food b/c of Rus scorched-earth policy 4. Entered Moscow on Sept 14, 1812, & stayed in the ruined city for 5 weeks Unable to advance further, FR soldiers retreated; all but 10,000 died of exhaustion, hunger, & the cold 5. Raised another army and fought the Battle of Leipzig Coalition defeated inexperienced FR army; Napoleon’s empire crumbled 6. Escaped Elba, reclaimed title of Emperor, & fought Battle of Waterloo Euro armies defeat FR forces 7 ended Napoleon’s last attempt for power Create the chart below. In your group, describe the goal(s) and result(s) of Napoleon’s action