Bell Ringer List as many reasons for European Exploration that you can remember on the back of your PowerPoint packet List as many reasons for European Exploration that you can remember on the back of your PowerPoint packet

The French and Indian War Another Step in the Duel for North America

Essential Questions 1. What were the causes of the French and Indian War? 2. What were the results of the French and Indian War? 3. Why is the French and Indian War considered the “turning point” in American colonial relations with Britain?

Big Idea:

England and France Compete for World Power Spain declines England and France Battle for Control Over:

England and France Compete in North America Why?

Comparing England vs. France THE ENGLISH COLONIES 1. Population THE FRENCH COLONIES 1. Population 80,000 people. Widely scattered over area 2X as big as 13 colonies

Comparing England vs. France THE ENGLISH COLONIES 2. Self-sufficient THE FRENCH COLONIES 2. Rely on others Almost entirely dependent on fur-trade Almost entirely dependent on fur-trade Did not encourage permanent settlement Did not encourage permanent settlement Depended on imports from Europe to survive Depended on imports from Europe to survive

Comparing England vs. France THE ENGLISH COLONIES 3. Government THE FRENCH COLONIES 3. Government highly centralized highly centralized King had total control King had total control Made planning easy Made planning easy

Comparing England vs. France THE ENGLISH COLONIES 4. Relations with Natives THE FRENCH COLONIES 4. Relations with Natives Friendly Friendly Traders and missionaries treated Natives well Traders and missionaries treated Natives well Most tribes supported the French against the English Most tribes supported the French against the English

Checkpoint 1. What countries fought in the French and Indian War? 2. Why were these countries competing? 3. What two items in particular were these countries fighting over? 4. Give one advantage and one disadvantage that each country fighting had in North America

Checkpoint Answers

Background: The War of Jenkins Ear and King George’s War English versus the French and Spanish English versus the French and Spanish New Englanders under Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New France and captured Louisbourg- an important seaway fort New Englanders under Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New France and captured Louisbourg- an important seaway fort Louisburg was given back to France in the 1748 Treaty Louisburg was given back to France in the 1748 Treaty King George II of England

The Iroquois: Pawns in the Game of Empire They held the strategic position between New France and the British colonies They held the strategic position between New France and the British colonies British arrogant toward natives British arrogant toward natives

The War Begins: Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne built to stop British expansion into the Ohio River Valley Fort Duquesne built to stop British expansion into the Ohio River Valley George Washington sent to evict the French George Washington sent to evict the French Washington attacked an advance patrol, wins Washington attacked an advance patrol, wins Model of Fort Duquesne

Albany Plan of Union 1754

Checkpoint 1. Why were the Iroquois an important group during the French and Indian War? 2. What was the Albany Plan of Union? (hint: think of the snake…) 3. Who drew that cartoon and what is its significance?

Checkpoint Answers

General Braddock With 2200 men, Braddock set out to avenge Washington’s defeat With 2200 men, Braddock set out to avenge Washington’s defeat General Braddock

Braddock Defeated 1000 casualties 1000 casualties Washington directed the retreat Washington directed the retreat Revived his military career Revived his military career

Engraving of the defeat of Braddock

Washington leading the retreat

Impact of Braddock’s defeat French eventually “write off” Canada French eventually “write off” Canada French eventually destroy Ft. Duquesne and flee French eventually destroy Ft. Duquesne and flee

Washington raising the flag at Fort Pitt

Prime Minister William Pitt Credited with victory because he changed generals and strategy Credited with victory because he changed generals and strategy “Organizer of victory” “Organizer of victory” Focus on capturing strongholds: Quebec, Montreal, Louisburg, not all of New France Focus on capturing strongholds: Quebec, Montreal, Louisburg, not all of New France 1758 General Amherst captured Louisburg 1758 General Amherst captured Louisburg William Pitt

Battle for Quebec 1759 First conventional battle in the New World First conventional battle in the New World Both generals die Both generals die (Wolfe and Montcalm) Quebec falls to the British Quebec falls to the British

British Landing at Quebec

The Death of General Wolfe: painting

The End of the War In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal 1760 In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal : Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the British 1762: Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the British Spain also defeated Spain also defeated

The End of the War Treaty of Paris

Indian Rebellions Cherokee on the N.Carolina frontier Cherokee on the N.Carolina frontier Great Lakes and Ohio Valley forts were captured by Indians (except Detroit, Niagara, and Pitt) Great Lakes and Ohio Valley forts were captured by Indians (except Detroit, Niagara, and Pitt)

Results of the French and Indian War Britain “trained the enemy” Britain “trained the enemy” 1. The Colonists that will eventually fight the British 2. Colonists unimpressed with British Army

Results of the French and Indian War

Essential Questions Review 1. What were the causes of the French and Indian War? 2. What were the results of the French and Indian War? 3. Why is the French and Indian War considered the “turning point” in American colonial relations with Britain?

Essential Questions Answers