Napoleonic Era

1799- Coup d’etat made Napoleon dictator

Napoleon I Napoleon supported the ideas of the French Revolution: ◦No feudalism or serfdom ◦Accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man ◦But…believed the French people should obey ALL his policies.

Reorganized Government Napoleon had unlimited power First 5 years = Consulate  He commanded the army and navy  He had the power to appoint or dismiss government officials  He could propose new laws  The Legislative body could approve of reject Napoleons laws  He put the Constitution up to the vote of the plebiscite.  They voted for the Constitution

Napoleon’s Governmental Accomplishments The Napoleonic Code- A law code The Bank of France Public Education-elementary was supported by local communities and the church-high school, universities and technical schools supported by the government Concordat 1801-religious freedom Undid alliances of foreign enemies Made France a peaceful, stable and economically prosperous country

Napoleonic Code

1804-France becomes an Empire Plebiscites vote to make France an empire and Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon Pope came to put crown on Napoleon’s head but he grabbed it and put it on himself. Signifying his power over the churches

War with Britain France invades Great Britain Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats France at sea France places a blockade on Great Britain ( Continental System) and Great Britain does the same to France

Reorganization of Europe France dominates Europe ◦Treaties with Austria and Prussia ◦Russia becomes an ally ◦Napoleon rules the Netherlands and Spain ◦He forces Denmark and the Papal States into an alliance ◦Abolished the Holy Roman Empire and unifies Italy into the Kingdom of Italy under his control ◦Placed family members as monarchs in conquered countries

Napoleon like King Henry VIII? Napoleons wife Josephine was unable to provide an heir. Napoleon has marriage annulled Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria She has a son- Napoleon II in 1811

Nationalism Nationalism is extreme pride in one’s country= patriotism Conquered territories see an increase in nationalism Begin building armies to fight against France Increased opposition of Napoleon’s rule

The Peninsular War Iberian peninsula between Spain and Portugal Portugal refuses to follow the Continental System Napoleon sends in troops- drives out the king and then takes over Spain too. Makes Joseph, his brother, the King of Spain

Duke Of Wellington Great Britain sends the Duke of Wellington to help the Spain and Portugal defeat Napoleon Joseph driven out of Spain Spain writes a new Constitution with a limited monarchy following the ideas of the French Revolution

Duke of Wellington

France Versus Russia Russia an ally of France begins trading with Great Britain. Going against the Continental System Czar Alexander I Napoleon sends troops to invade Russia Gathers 600,000 troops from all his conquered territories= The Grand Army The troops marched into Russia

Scorched-Earth policy As the French troops would march into Russia, the Russian troops would retreat burning everything and anything the French troops could use. France captures Moscow, but the Russian troops leave Moscow burning upon their retreat. October 12, 1812 France retreats due to the cold and lack of supplies

Greatest Military Disaster As Napoleon’s troops retreat the Russian army follows-invading the French territories. Napoleon loses 2/3 of his troops All alliances are broken October 1813-Leipzig The allies defeat Napoleon Allies capture Paris

Battle of Leipzig-1813

Napoleoans Defeat Napoleon gives up claim to the French throne Retire to the island of Elba France’s monarchy is restored-Louis XVIII

100 Days of Napoleon People of France are upset with the monarchy March,1815- Napoleon returns to France Troops sent to catch him and they turn and help him March 20- Napoleon captures Paris

Battle of Waterloo Allies attack France The Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleons Legend Monarchy restored in France Napoleon asks to be sent to America but instead they send him to the South Pacific The island of St. Helena where he will die in The remains of Napoleon will be laid to rest in France Napoleon becomes a legend to the French people

Napoleon’s Tomb

Napoleon’s Tomb in Paris