Questions to Ask “Who tells the story?” “How much is this person allowed to know?” “To what extent does the narrator look inside the characters and report.

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Presentation transcript:

Questions to Ask “Who tells the story?” “How much is this person allowed to know?” “To what extent does the narrator look inside the characters and report their thoughts and feelings?

Basic Points of View 1.Omniscient 2.Third-person limited 3.First person 4.Objective

Omniscient Point of View Told in 3 rd person by a narrator whose knowledge is unlimited Peer inside hearts and minds of characters Interprets and comments on behavior Most flexible w/ the widest scope

Example Weary in every limb, the ant tugged over the snow a piece of corn he had stored up last summer. It would taste might good at dinner tonight. A grasshopper, cold and hungry, looked on. Finally he could bear it no longer. “Please, friend ant, may I have a bite of corn?” “What were you doing all last summer?” asked the ant. He looked the grasshopper up and down. He knew its kind. “I sang from dawn till dark,” replied the grasshopper, happily unaware of what was coming next. “Well,” said the ant, hardly bothering to conceal his contempt, “since you sang all summer, you can dance all winter.”

Examples from our class Amount of omniscience can vary “Hunters in the Snow” – Allowed into the mind of Tub, but by the end the omniscient narrator takes over “The Most Dangerous Game” – confined to thoughts and feelings of Rainsford except for the passage between Rainsford’s leap into the sea and waking in Zaroff’s bed. The point of view then shifts to Zaroff

3 rd Person Limited From the viewpoint of one character Shows no direct knowledge of other characters “A Worn Path”

Example Weary in ever limb, the ant tugged over the snow a piece of corn he had stored up last summer. It would taste mighty good at dinner tonight. It was then that he noticed the grasshopper, looking cold and pinched. “Please, friend ant, may I have a bite of your corn?” asked the grasshopper. He looked the grasshopper up and down. “What were you doing all last summer?” he asked. He knew his kind. “I sang from dawn till dark,” replied the grasshopper. “Well,” said the ant, hardly bothering to conceal his contempt, “since you sang all summer, you can dance all winter.”

Steam of Consciousness Random thoughts going through a character’s head within a certain period of time, mingling memory and present experiences Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse

First Person Could be a major or minor character, protagonist or observer “Araby”

Example Cold and hungry, I watched the ant tugging over the snow a piece of corn he had stored up last summer. My feelers twitched, and I was conscious of a tic in my left hind leg. Finally I could bear it no longer. “Please, friend ant,” I asked, “may I have a bite of your corn?” He looked me up and down. “What were you doing all last summer?” he asked, rather too smugly it seemed to me. “I sang from dawn till dark,” I said innocently, remembering the happy times. “Well,” he said, with a priggish sneer, “since you sang all summer, you can dance all winter.”

Objective Narrator can go anywhere but can record only what is seen and heard. No commentary, interpretation, or entrance in a character’s mind Reader becomes spectator

Example The ant tugged over the snow a piece of corn he had stored up last summer, perspiring in spite of the cold. A grasshopper, his feelers twitching and with a tic in his left hind leg, looked on for some time. Finally he asked, “Please, friend ant, may I have a bite of your corn?” The ant looked the grasshopper up and down. “What were you doing all last summer?” he snapped. “I sang from dawn till dark,” replied the grasshopper, not changing his tone. “Well,” said the ant, and a faint smile crept into his face, “since you sang all summer, you can dance all winter.”