Hello, welcome to an introduction to Malaria. Please enter. Malaria ENTER What is the future of it?

BASIC INFO

BASIC INFORMATION Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. Usually, people get malaria by being bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria and they must have been infected through a previous bite on an infected person, a small amount of blood is taken in which contains tiny malaria parasites. About 1 week later, when the mosquito takes its bite on a different person, these parasites mix with the mosquito’s saliva and are injected into the person being bitten. BACK

Simularity to the black death

Similarity to the black death The Black Death killed over an entire third of Europe. Malaria kills over a million people every year, although infecting million It is similar to malaria in some ways, including the economical impact and religious views at the times. BACK

Economical impact

ECONOMICAL IMPACT The impacts of malaria are very different to how they were in the black death. Malaria deaths slow down development and stunt growth of third-world countries, especially in Africa, perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty. BACK

symptoms

SYMPTOMS Symptoms of malaria include fever and flu-like illness, including chills, headaches, muscle aches, and tiredness. Malaria may cause anemia and jaundice (yellow coloring of the skin and eyes) because of the loss of red blood cells. Symptoms usually appear between 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite. If not treated, malaria can quickly become life-threatening by disrupting the blood supply to vital organs. Infection with one type of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, if not promptly treated, may cause kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of malaria treatments. BACK

Prominent areas?

Prominent areas Malaria is most commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas, in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and finally Indo-Pacific region. Mosquitoes are attracted to humid, hot areas. This is because they grow really well there. When laying eggs, they prefer stagnant, shallow water. Swamps, ponds, marshes, and other wetlands. BACK

The infection v v

How long does it take to infect you? After being bitten by a mosquito infected with malaria, it takes around a week until the effects and symptoms of the disease are felt. This coincides with when the parasite reaches the liver and infects its cells. BACK

BASIC PREVENTION METHODS v v

BASIC PREVENTION Stay inside when it is night, preferably in a insect screened or air-conditioned room. Wear long protective clothing (long pants and long-sleeved shirts). Use bed nets (mosquito netting) sprayed with or soaked in an insecticide such as permethrin or deltamethrin. Use flying-insect spray indoors around sleeping areas. BACK

Vaccines

VACCINES Even though there is no vaccine 100% effective as of yet in the 1940’s there was an effective medicine which would have exterminated the virus at that time but was stopped being used as it was effecting animal’s nesting habits. In the 1990’s the Malaria parasite began addapting and became immune to many of the treatments that were available at the time, this is why there was a huge outbreak and Malaria became a very dangerous and serious problem again. BACK

BREIF HISTORY

A BRIEF HISTORY We have inherited the word malaria from the Latin words Malus aria, which means “bad or evil air” because it was originally thought that this disease was caused by foul air, and particularly by vapors given off by swamps. It was also called “swamp fever”, and it is one of the most ancient infections known to man. It was not until the 15 th century that it was discovered that the infection was being spread by mosquitos. BACK

EFFECTS IN THE WAR

THE 2 ND WORLD WAR Many troops had to suffer casualties by inflicted malaria even in World War II. Gen. Douglas MacArthur's predicament in May 1943 is very clear: "This will be a long war if for every division I have facing the enemy I must count on a second division in hospital with malaria and a third division convalescing from this debilitating disease!" It appears that the general was not at all worried about defeating the Japanese, but was greatly concerned about the failure to defeat the Anopheles mosquito! 60,000 U.S. troops died in Africa and the South Pacific from malaria. U.S. Forces could succeed only after organizing a successful attack on malaria. BACK

MALARIA By James Cain, Corey Sleep and Michael Gidley

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