Lesson 32 Participles (cont.) “Verbal Adjectives”

Participle Usage 1.Attributive (# 244) – see Lesson 30 Has article; modifies a noun. Translate: “the blanking noun;” “the noun which blanks.” 2.Substantive (# 245) – see Lesson 30 Has article; stands in place of understood noun. Translate: “the blanking one;” “the one who blanks.” 3.Circumstantial (# 254, 256) No article; makes additional statement. First attempt: “Blanking/having blanked.” Expansion: “While/after/because he blanked,” etc.

Participle Usage – cont. 4.Genitive absolute (# 265) No article (like circumstantial). Participle and noun (or pronoun) in genitive case. Disconnected from main clause. Translation – similar to circumstantial:  First attempt: Participial phrase.  Expansion into subordinate clause: While/after/because, etc.  Noun agreeing with part. becomes “subject.” (Noun in gen. case is translated as subject!)  Do NOT translate the genitive as “of”!!!!!!!!!

Examples of Genitive Absolute (# 265) 1)tau/ta eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n oi` dou/loi h=lqon eivj to.n oi=kon) eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in sentence). “The disciples having said these things, the slaves went into the house.” “After the disciples said these things, the slaves went into the house.” NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the disciples…” 2)genome,nhj h`me,raj oi` poime,nej avph/lqon) genome,nhj agrees with h`me,raj (no place in sentence). “Day having come, the shepherds departed.” “When day had come, the shepherds departed.” NOT: “Of day having come” or “Of coming of day…”

Examples of Genitive Absolute (# 265) 3.auvtou/ le,gontoj tau/ta oi` dou/loi avph/lqon) le,gontoj agrees with auvtou/ (no place in sentence). “He saying these things, the slaves departed.” (awkward) “While he was saying these things, the slaves departed.” (Note: pres. part. translated past.) NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the disciples…” 4.e;ti a`martwlw/n o;ntwn h`mw/n Cristo.j u`pe.r h`mw/n avpe,qanen) o;ntwn agrees with first h`mw/n (no place in sentence). “We still being sinners, Christ died for us.” (awkward) “While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” (Note: pres. part. translated past.) NOT: “Of sinners being us” or “Of us being sinners…”

Circumstantial vs. Genitive Absolute 1.Circumstantial – part. agrees with noun/pronoun in sentence. ei;pontej tau/ta avph/lqon oi` dou/loi) (circumstantial) ei;pontej agrees with dou/loi (subject). “Having said these things, the slaves departed.” “After they said these things, the slaves departed.” 2.Gen. abs. – part. agrees with noun/pronoun having no grammatical connection to main clause. eivpo,ntwn tw/n maqhtw/n avph/lqon oi` dou/loi) (gen. abs.) eivpo,ntwn agrees with maqhtw/n (no place in sentence). “The disciples having said these things, the slaves departed.” “After the disciples said these things, the slaves departed.” NOT: “Of the disciples saying…” or “Of saying the disciples…”