Which of the above is living? Talk with your neighbor… HOW do you know which is living? What made you choose one over the other? A: A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is covered with a glasslike shell and lives in the ocean. A.B. B. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Biology The organized study of living things and their interactions with the environment around them The organized study of living things and their interactions with the environment around them In other words, The study of life! In other words, The study of life!

Themes in Biology Organization Organization Cells Cells Correlation between structure & function Correlation between structure & function Interaction between organisms & their environment Interaction between organisms & their environment Unity in diversity Unity in diversity Evolution (change over time) Evolution (change over time) Scientific Processes Scientific Processes

Living things don’t exist in isolation… All living things depend on other living (and non-living) things in a variety of ways All living things depend on other living (and non-living) things in a variety of ways Examples: Examples: Plants and Humans Plants and Humans Humans and water. Humans and water.

Time to think…. On your own, think of some characteristics you would look for to determine if something is alive or not. On your own, think of some characteristics you would look for to determine if something is alive or not. Now, share your ideas with one neighbor. Now, share your ideas with one neighbor. Finally, let’s share as a whole group…. Finally, let’s share as a whole group….

WHAT IS LIFE? Living things are called ORGANISMS Living things are called ORGANISMS All organisms must have ALL of the following NINE Characteristics of Life… All organisms must have ALL of the following NINE Characteristics of Life…Remember: FRED H. GARC

“FRED” F – Use and need F ood F – Use and need F ood Organisms need nourishment as they grow and change Organisms need nourishment as they grow and change Organisms go through METABOLISM: Organisms go through METABOLISM: The combination of chemical reactions through which organisms build up or breakdown materials as it carries out its life processes The combination of chemical reactions through which organisms build up or breakdown materials as it carries out its life processes R – Must be capable of R eproduction R – Must be capable of R eproduction Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Offspring result from and resemble ONE parent Offspring result from and resemble ONE parent Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Offspring result from and resemble TWO parents Offspring result from and resemble TWO parents E – Must be able to transfer E nergy E – Must be able to transfer E nergy Different organisms obtain energy in different ways (plants vs. animals vs. bacteria) Different organisms obtain energy in different ways (plants vs. animals vs. bacteria) D – D evelop and Grow D – D evelop and Grow Organisms undergo a series of stages to reach maturity Organisms undergo a series of stages to reach maturity Infant  Toddler  Young Adult  Adult Infant  Toddler  Young Adult  Adult

“H” H – H omeostasis H – H omeostasis Is a Steady internal balance Is a Steady internal balance H + H + Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Respiration rate Respiration rate Body Temperature Body Temperature

“GARC” G – G enetic code G – G enetic code All organisms are based on virtually the same genetic code All organisms are based on virtually the same genetic code Inheritance of traits is carried and directed by DNA Inheritance of traits is carried and directed by DNA A – A dapt to change and EVOLVE A – A dapt to change and EVOLVE ADAPTATION ADAPTATION Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment Structural – wings, arms, ect. Structural – wings, arms, ect. Physiological – internal body processes Physiological – internal body processes Behavioral – innate, learned Behavioral – innate, learned R – R espond to stimuli R – R espond to stimuli Variables (both living & nonliving) cause organisms to make internal as well as external adjustments Variables (both living & nonliving) cause organisms to make internal as well as external adjustments STIMULUS STIMULUS A condition in the environment that requires an organism to change or adjust A condition in the environment that requires an organism to change or adjust RESPONSE RESPONSE A reaction to a stimulus A reaction to a stimulus C – Made of at least one (1) C ell C – Made of at least one (1) C ell

Made up of Cells Cell Cell A collection of matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings A collection of matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings Organisms can be unicellular (single- celled) or multi-cellular (many-celled) Organisms can be unicellular (single- celled) or multi-cellular (many-celled)

Levels of Organization 1.) Atom 1.) Atom 2.) Molecule 2.) Molecule 3.) Macromolecule 3.) Macromolecule 4.) Organelle 4.) Organelle 5.) Cell 5.) Cell 6.) Tissue 6.) Tissue 7.) Organ 7.) Organ 8.) Organ System 8.) Organ System 9.) Organism 9.) Organism From smallest to largest: