▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank TOEFL Reading splits into, are in danger, impact on, social status, is determined by 16. Females are considered to have a higher in their matriarchal social structure. 암컷들이 모계 중심 사회에서 보다 높은 사회적 지위를 가진 것으로 여겨진다. 17. The status of a male Bonobo the status of his mother. 수컷 보노보의 지위는 그 어머니의 지위에 따라 결정된다. 18. A community composed of approximately one hundred Bonobos small groups during the day. 대략 100 마리의 보노보들로 구성된 집단은 낮 동안에 먹이를 찾을 때는 작은 그룹들로 나누어진다. 19. Bonobos due to habitat loss and hunting. 보노보들은 서식지의 사라짐과 사냥으로 인해 위험에 처해 있다. 20. The first and second Congo wars had a significant the Bonobo population. 제 1 차와 제 2 차 콩고 전쟁은 보노보의 개체 수에 상당한 영향을 끼쳤다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. ape2. humid 3. nostril4. slim 5. narrow6. thin 7. upright8. matriarchal 9. bonding10. habitat 11. hunting12. extinction 13. donation14. conservation 15. endangered species

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Bonobos -- Closest Relatives to Humans The Bonobo is a great ape. The name Bonobo first appeared in Together with the ‘Common Chimpanzee,’ the Bonobo is known as the species that is the closest relatives to humans that currently exist. The Bonobo is found wild in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa. Around 10,000 Bonobos are found only south of the Congo River and north of the Kasai River, in the humid forests. It has a black face. Pink lips, small ears, wide nostrils and long hair form its head. Compared to the Common Chimpanzee, Bonobos have slimmer upper bodies, narrower shoulders, a thinner neck, and longer legs. They tend to walk upright, about 25 percent of the time when conducting ground movement. These characteristics make Bonobos resemble humans more than the Common Chimpanzee. Females are considered to have a higher social status in their matriarchal social structure. Strong female bonding also allows groups of female Bonobos to dominate the community. The status of a male Bonobo is determined by the status of his mother. A community composed of approximately one hundred Bonobos splits into small groups during the day while looking for food, and then they come back together to sleep. They sleep in trees, in the nests they construct. Bonobos are in danger due to habitat loss and hunting. The first and second Congo wars had a significant impact on the Bonobo population. It is estimated that a range from 60,000 to less than 5,000 Bonobos are living. Currently, awareness of Bonobo extinction is ever increasing. Some non-scientific or ecological sites have even created various groups to collect donations for the conservation of this endangered species. 21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that makes Bonobos resemble humans more than the common chimpanzee? ① They have pink lips and a black face. ② They walk upright at times when conducting ground movement. ③ They have slimmer upper bodies and longer legs. ④ They have narrower shoulders and a thinner neck TOEFL Reading

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct answer. 28. Choice must be determined ( for, by, of ) merit. 29. The party split ( into, in, with ) two over the issue. 30. Without your help, I ( be, should be, would be ) in danger. 22. Which of the following sentences is correct? ① The status of a male Bonobo is dependant upon the status of his father. ② Females use strong female bonding and have a higher status in the Bonobo matriarchal social structure. ③ Bonobos are essentially the same as the Common Chimpanzee. ④ Males are able to dominate the the Bonobo community. 23. Which of the following best defines the word 'extinction' from the 4th paragraph? ① The complete death of a particular species leaving some remaining members ② The increase in population of a species ③ The decrease in population of a species ④ The dying out of a particular species 24. Why is the Bonobo species in danger? ① Not enough people are making donations to groups trying to save the species. ② It is too difficult for a species to grow when females are in charge. Animals need males to exert their dominance to fight in the wild. ③ The Bonobos have been hunted as well as experienced a loss in habitat during the Congo Civil Wars. ④ They are outnumbered by the common chimpanzee. 25. Bonobos usually look for food in large groups of roughly 100 members. _____ 26. Right now, there are only 60,000 living Bonobos on the planet. _____ 27. Many Bonobos can be found in the humid forests of the Congo. _____ TOEFL Reading

▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank TOEFL Reading splits into, are in danger, impact on, social status, is determined by 16. Females are considered to have a higher social status in their matriarchal social structure. 암컷들이 모계 중심 사회에서 보다 높은 사회적 지위를 가진 것으로 여겨진다. 17. The status of a male Bonobo is determined by the status of his mother. 수컷 보노보의 지위는 그 어머니의 지위에 따라 결정된다. 18. A community composed of approximately one hundred Bonobos splits into small groups during the day. 대략 100 마리의 보노보들로 구성된 집단은 낮 동안에 먹이를 찾을 때는 작은 그룹들로 나누어진다. 19. Bonobos are in danger due to habitat loss and hunting. 보노보들은 서식지의 사라짐과 사냥으로 인해 위험에 처해 있다. 20. The first and second Congo wars had a significant impact on the Bonobo population. 제 1 차와 제 2 차 콩고 전쟁은 보노보의 개체 수에 상당한 영향을 끼쳤다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. ape [ 꼬리 없는 원숭이 ]2. humid [ 습한 ] 3. nostril [ 콧구멍 ]4. slim [ 호리호리한, 가냘픈 ] 5. narrow [ 좁은 ]6. thin [ 얇은 ] 7. upright [ 똑바로 선 ]8. matriarchal [ 모계 중심의 ] 9. bonding [ 긴밀한 유대 ]10. habitat [ 서식지 ] 11. hunting [ 사냥 ]12. extinction [ 멸종 ] 13. donation [ 기부금 ]14. conservation [ 보존 ] 15. endangered species [ 멸종 위기에 처한 종 ]

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. 21. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that makes Bonobos resemble humans more than the common chimpanzee? [1] ① They have pink lips and a black face. ② They walk upright at times when conducting ground movement. ③ They have slimmer upper bodies and longer legs. ④ They have narrower shoulders and a thinner neck TOEFL Reading Bonobos -- Closest Relatives to Humans The Bonobo is a great ape. The name Bonobo first appeared in Together with the ‘Common Chimpanzee,’ the Bonobo is known as the species that is the closest relatives to humans that currently exist. The Bonobo is found wild in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa. Around 10,000 Bonobos are found only south of the Congo River and north of the Kasai River, in the humid forests. It has a black face. Pink lips, small ears, wide nostrils and long hair form its head. Compared to the Common Chimpanzee, Bonobos have slimmer upper bodies, narrower shoulders, a thinner neck, and longer legs. They tend to walk upright, about 25 percent of the time when conducting ground movement. These characteristics make Bonobos resemble humans more than the Common Chimpanzee. Females are considered to have a higher social status in their matriarchal social structure. Strong female bonding also allows groups of female Bonobos to dominate the community. The status of a male Bonobo is determined by the status of his mother. A community composed of approximately one hundred Bonobos splits into small groups during the day while looking for food, and then they come back together to sleep. They sleep in trees, in the nests they construct. Bonobos are in danger due to habitat loss and hunting. The first and second Congo wars had a significant impact on the Bonobo population. It is estimated that a range from 60,000 to less than 5,000 Bonobos are living. Currently, awareness of Bonobo extinction is ever increasing. Some non-scientific or ecological sites have even created various groups to collect donations for the conservation of this endangered species.

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct answer. 28. Choice must be determined ( for, by, of ) merit. 29. The party split ( into, in, with ) two over the issue. 30. Without your help, I ( be, should be, would be ) in danger. 22. Which of the following sentences is correct? [2] ① The status of a male Bonobo is dependant upon the status of his father. ② Females use strong female bonding and have a higher status in the Bonobo matriarchal social structure. ③ Bonobos are essentially the same as the Common Chimpanzee. ④ Males are able to dominate the the Bonobo community. 23. Which of the following best defines the word 'extinction' from the 4th paragraph? [4] ① The complete death of a particular species leaving some remaining members ② The increase in population of a species ③ The decrease in population of a species ④ The dying out of a particular species 24. Why is the Bonobo species in danger? [3] ① Not enough people are making donations to groups trying to save the species. ② It is too difficult for a species to grow when females are in charge. Animals need males to exert their dominance to fight in the wild. ③ The Bonobos have been hunted as well as experienced a loss in habitat during the Congo Civil Wars. ④ They are outnumbered by the common chimpanzee. 25. Bonobos usually look for food in large groups of roughly 100 members. [F] 26. Right now, there are only 60,000 living Bonobos on the planet. [F] 27. Many Bonobos can be found in the humid forests of the Congo. [T] TOEFL Reading