Test Format 28 Multiple Choice Questions (1.5 points each) 3 Matching sections Memory Check Revisited (Combination of the two sides into 1, 18 questions each word used once) Phases of Mitosis (6 phases used once) Campaign Posters (24 cell types, each used once) 4 Short Answer Questions

Unit 2 Review

The Game Board 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

1 When analyzing a specimen under a microscope, why do we stain the specimen? Answer: Most cell parts appear clear under the bright light of a microscope. Staining them gives them color and therefore makes it easier to see. BACK

2 When a chromosome copies itself, the copy is referred to by this “relative” term. Answer: sister BACK

3 This membrane junction are impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leakproof sheets? BACK Answer: tight junctions

4 This is a nonfunctioning unit in a cell. Answer: inclusion. BACK

5 This type of tissue is also known as fat, and it used to insulate the body and protect it from extreme conditions. Answer: Adipose Tissue BACK

6 This is another name for a red blood cell. Answer: erthrocyte BACK

BACK 7 Describe what happens during diffusion. Answer: Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrations until eventually there is an equal concentration in all areas. BACK

8 When analyzing a specimen under a microscope, why must the sample be very thin? Answer: This is to allow light to pass through the sample and to allow only one layer of cells to be observed at a time BACK

9 In this phase, chromosomes appear as threadlike coils at the start, but each chromosome is copied by the end. Answer: interphase BACK

10 This is the process in which a pressure gradient actually pushes a solute containing fluid from a higher pressure to a lower pressure. Answer: filtration BACK

11 This refers to when a cell moves a large amount of substances out of the cell Answer: exocytosis BACK

12 What occurs if a solution is hypotonic and a cell was placed into it? Answer: The cell would swell and possibly rupture BACK

13 This is the process during protein synthesis when the DNA is copied by RNA. Answer: transcription BACK

14 This type of tissue is made up of connective tissue sheets that attach to the body’s skeleton and help the body with movement by contracting. Answer: skeletal muscle BACK

15 This type of connective tissue forms the cushionlike disks between the vertebrae. Answer: fibrocartilage BACK

16 This attaches skeletal muscles to bones. Answer: tendons BACK

17 This is also known as osseous tissue. Answer: bone BACK

18 This word mean one layer of cells. Answer: simple BACK

19 In this phase, centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell while spindle fibers forms between the poles. Answer: prophase BACK

20 In a homogenous mixture, this is the substance that dissolves the other material. Answer: solvent BACK

BACK 21 What type of cell, which fights diseases, is this? Answer: macrophage

BACK 22 This broad type of tissue if used for support. Answer: connective BACK

23 This type of tissue consists of several layers of cells that have a flattened shape and are found in sites that receive a good deal of abuse and friction, such as the esophagus, the mouth, and the outer portion of the skin. BACK Answer: stratified squamous epithelium

BACK 24 In this phase, chromatids attach to the spindle fibers. Answer: metaphase BACK

25 Give two examples of tissues undergoing the aging process and what happens to the tissue as it ages. Answer: epithelial membranes lose their elasticity and began to sag We begin to “dry out” as exocrine glands become less active Endocrine glands produce less hormones so the body processes they control become less effective Bones become porous and weaker Muscles begin to atrophy (deteriorate) BACK

26 This refers specifically to when liquid material is taken into the cell. Answer: pinocytosis BACK

27 This broad type of tissue is used for control. BACK Answer: nervous

28 What is area O called BACK Answer: Mitochondria

29 What occurs if a solution is hypertonic and a cell was placed into it? Answer: it would shrink BACK

30 This type of tissue help to insulate and protect the delicate neurons. Answer: Supporting cells of the nervous tissue BACK

31 In this phase, chromatids separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. Answer: anaphase BACK

BACK 32 What is inflammation and how does it help the healing process. Answer: A swelling of a tissue. It is used by the body to keep the injured area from moving and thus prevents further damage BACK

33 This is a fragile, transparent barrier that consists of two lipid layers arrange “tail to tail” Answer: plasma membrane BACK

BACK 34 small, dark-staining round body where ribosomes are assembled Answer: nucleolus BACK

BACK 35 This is what the fluid inside the cell is referred to. Answer: intracellular fluid BACK

36 These detoxify the cell of poisonous materials and deactivate free radicals using oxidase enzymes. Answer: peroxisomes BACK

37 This type of tissue is a specialized impulse-conducting cell that gathers information and controls body functions. Answer: nerve cells (neuron) BACK

38 In this phase, two nuclei form and the chromosomes appear as chromatin. Answer: telophase BACK

BACK 39 This cell type covers and lines body organs. Answer: epithelial cells

40 These are the “wires” that help to resist pulling forces on the cell. Answer: intermediate filaments BACK

41 Why are stratified epithelial tissues better for protection purposes than simple epithelial tissues? Answer: Stratified epithelial tissue has multiple layers of cells, which means there are more cells to absorb the damage BACK

42 This is the female cell of reproduction. Answer: oocyte BACK

43 Name this type of cell BACK Answer: Epithelial Cells

44 This is a slick membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and covers the organs in the cavity. BACK Answer: serosae

BACK 45 The lower surface of an epithelial tissue is known as this. Answer: the basement membrane BACK

46 These are tiny fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area for faster absorption Answer: microvilli BACK

47 In this phase, cell membranes moves inward to create two daughter cells. Answer: cytokinesis BACK

BACK 48 This refers to a increase in size in an organ or body area. Answer: hyperplasia

49 This is the term used when a cell loses its ability to divide when it becomes fully mature. BACK Answer: amitotic

50 These are tiny, bilobed, dark bodies that are the protein making factories of the cell BACK Answer: ribosomes

51 This type of tissue is a cobwebby tissue that is the most widely distributed connective tissue that cushions the body organs. BACK Answer: areolar tissue

BACK 52 This is the organelle located at letter F. Answer: rough endoplasmic reticulum

53 This type of tissue travels throughout the body in a fluid matrix called plasma and has a variety of functions including transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. Answer: blood BACK

BACK 54 This is known as an abnormal mass of proliferating cells. Answer: neoplasm BACK

BACK 55 This is the organelle located at letter H. Answer: Golgi Apparatus

56 This is a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule that corresponds to the complementary information on a messenger RNA. Answer: anticodon BACK

57 Are the following a representation of plant or animal cells under a microscope? Answer: animal BACK

58 In a homogenous mixture, this is the substance that is dissolved the other material. Answer: solute BACK

BACK 59 What are the three main regions of a cell? Answer: plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm BACK

BACK 60 Name an example of passive transport. Answer: facilitated diffusion, osmosis, filtration, or diffusion BACK

61 This membrane junction allows to adjacent cells to communicate with each other by allowing molecules to pass directly from on cell to the other. Answer: gap junction BACK

62 This type of RNA is a cloverleaf-shaped molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome. Answer: transfer RNA BACK

63 This is defined as a DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein or polypeptide chain. Answer: gene BACK

64 This type of RNA molecule is a long, singular nucleotide strand that resemble half of a DNA molecule that carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Answer: messenger RNA BACK

BACK 65 This refers to a decrease in size in an organ or body area. Answer: atrophy BACK

66 This is the process during protein synthesis when the protein is made as the information is being read and decoded. Answer: translation BACK

67 This is the technique the body uses to repair tissues which results in scar tissue. Answer: fibrosis BACK

BACK 68 This is what the fluid outside the cell is referred to. Answer: Interstitial fluid BACK

69 This refers specifically to when solid material is taken into the cell and is referred to as “cell eating”. Answer: phagocytosis BACK

70 The following picture is of this type of cell (scientific name). Answer: erythrocyte BACK

71 Are the following a representation of plant or animal cells under a microscope? Answer: plant BACK

BACK 72 Name an example of active transport in a cell. Answer: solute pumping (or sodium potassium pump), bulk transport (or endo and exo cytosis) BACK

73 These are special pores created by proteins that allow water into the cell. Answer: aquaporins BACK

74 When a tissue is injured, the body sets a series of events into motion. Which of the following is NOT true? The surface epithelium regenerates The capillaries become less permeable Phagocytes concentration increases Granulation tissue forms Answer: The capillaries become less permeable BACK

75 During active transport process, cells use this molecule to power the movement. Answer: ATP BACK

76 This is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Answer: osmosis BACK

77 The elongated shape of this cell lies along the cable-like fibers that it secretes. It also has an abundant rough ER and large Golgi apparatus to make and secrete the protein building blocks of these cells. Answer: fibroblast BACK