AGRI 3364

  What effects disease control?  Management  Well fed  Well managed healthy horses  Which are not subjected to undue stress  Vaccinations alone will not  Prevent disease Disease Control

  Incidence of infectious disease tends to increase with what?  Numbers  What other factors influence disease?  Environment and Management  Quarantine may be necessary for new horses Disease Control

  Disease control programs may vary according to?  Age  Type  Number  Stocking Density  Facilities  Geographic Location  Potential Exposure to Individual Diseases Vaccinations

  Tetanus  Caused by Clostridium tetani  Spores can live in soil for many years  Not contagious  Deep puncture wounds or open lacerations  Act by preventing relaxation  “Sawhorse” stance  Become unable to eat or drink  Finally cease to breathe Diseases

  Tetanus  Yearly booster for all horses  Pregnant mares 4 – 6 wks before foaling  Tetanus antitoxin also available for short time protection Diseases

  Equine Encephalomyelitis  AKA Sleeping Sickness  Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Strains  Transmitted by mosquitoes  Not contagious horse to horse  Causes degeneration of the brain  High Fever  Mild Depression  Loss of Appetite Diseases

  Equine Encephalomyelitis  Paralysis eventually occurs  Eating and Drinking Cease  Annual Vaccination Suggested  4 to 6 months before foaling  Foal vaccination at 3 to 4 months Diseases

  Influenza  Most common infectious respiratory disease  Highly contagious  Virus – can travel 35 yards  Effects lungs causing discharge and coughing  Fever up to 106  Recovery within 10 days generally  Viruses continually evolving  Vaccination schedules vary Diseases

  Equine Herpesvirus  AKA Rhinopneumonitis  Type 1 and Type 4  Both infect respiratory tract  Similar characteristics to flu  Type 1 causes abortions  Type 4 commonly found in  Young horses entering into training  Mares to be vaccinated at 5, 7, & 9 months Diseases

  Strangles  Bacterium Streptococcus equi  Primarily effects young horses  AKA distemper or barn fever  Transmitted by direct contact also water troughs, etc.  Fever, depression, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes  Vaccines are not completely effective  Vaccine schedules vary Diseases

  Rabies  Neurological Disease  Must be bitten by infected wildlife  Negra bodies in brain  Fatal Diseases

  Equine Infectious Anemia  Caused by a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus  Once infected always infected  Most common transmitters are?  Flys  Coggins test  If positive is suggested to euthanize Diseases

  West Nile Disease  Mosquito Borne virus  First detected in US in 1999  Causes encephalitis  No treatment known at this time  Vaccine available now Diseases

  Equine Protozoal Myoencephalitis (EPM)  First Recognized in mid 1970’s  Can affect any horse  Caused by ingestion of protozoa  Lead to in coordination  Vaccine and treatment now available Diseases

  Vesicular Stomatitis  Virus  Causes lesions, excessive salivation, and drooling  Generally breakouts occur in warm months  Looks similar to foot and mouth disease  Transmission not clear  No specific treatment or cure  Supportive Care Diseases