Radiate Phyla II Chapter 7

Class Cubozoa: Sea wasps and box jellyfish About 3 dozen species almost all are tropical. medusa & polyp body forms thick mesoglea

Unfrilled bell margin drawn inward to form a velum-like structure.

Cubozoan Sensory Structures Sensory structures called rhopalia.

Cubozoan Sensory Structures cubozoans have eyes. The larger regions actually contain lenses, corneas, and retinas.

Nematocysts are concentrated in rings on the tentacles of cubozoans.

Predominantly two species responsible The Box Jelly Chironex fleckeri Irukandji Carukia barnesi

The Box Jelly Chironex fleckeri

The Box Jelly Chironex fleckeri

Box Jelly Chironex fleckeri Box jellies or sea wasps are thought to be responsible for about 65-100 deaths over the past 50 years in Australia. The tentacles can be up to 10 feet long. In Australia twice as many people die annually from box jellies as from sharks. The toxin of most cubomedusan jellies is more potent than cobra venom.

Irukandji Carukia barnesi Stings have been recorded from Australia, and a similar syndrome has been described elsewhere in the Pacific. Every summer, more than sixty people are hospitalized with this potentially fatal syndrome.

Cubozoan Life Cycle Similar to jellyfish.

Class Anthozoa polyp body form ONLY all marine

Class Anthozoa some are colonial  colonies are formed of individual zooids some are solitary

Class Anthozoa- life cycle Sexual reproduction sperm egg larva

Class Anthozoa- life cycle asexual reproduction fission pedal laceration fission

Class Anthozoa Sea anemones

Class Anthozoa Soft Corals                                                   Sea pen Sea pansy

Class Anthozoa Stony Corals                                                                               

The Corals Make up the largest group of Anthozoa Colonial Secrete skeleton of calcium carbonate Cup shaped Polyp is fixed to this

Theca Sclerosepta

Ctenophores comb jellies Solitary All marine Sexual reproduction

Ctenes of comb row

Feeding Feed with specialized cells called colloblasts or lasso cells. A few species have cnidocytes.

Colloblasts on ctenophore tentacles

colloblasts

Kleptocnidae

Ph. Ctenophora Cl. Nuda Cl. Tentaculata ctene row Deiopea kaloktenota Pleurobrachia sp. Coeloplana sp. Cestus sp.

Bioluminescence Produce light using photocytes Located in the walls of the digestive system Appears that light is coming from comb rows NOT all produce luminescence

Big Picture The radiate phyla are the first (i.e. basal) Metazoans Most have a dimorphic life cycle Specialized structures the Cnidocytes Some such as corals secrete a calcium carbonate base Ctenophores produce bioluminescence