Sponges Cnidarians Comb Jellies

Jelly Fish and sponges are animals? Sponges were thought to be _______ because they_______ ___________________ Jellyfish were classified as the simplest animals,__________ _________________. What classifies an animal? 2

The ___________classifies an organism

Unique Features of Sponges Phylum Porifera Based on the previous video why Do sponges need light?________ ___________ No Movement (________) No Tissue No organs 5

What do sponges have? Body is made of special cells that act like organs; _________________ ____________________ ________________ “Mouth” ________________: Collar cells: “heart” _____________: “Stomach” _______________: “skeleton”

Examples of Sponges 10,000 species Glass sponges Bath Sponge Calcium Carbonate Sponge Sponges are classified Based on spicules “_________” __________________. Ex: Silica, spongin, calcium carbonate     8

Feeding and Digestion Suspension feeders (_________________) ___________________unicellular algae, bits of organic matter (detritus) Size matters _____________--pinacocytes and archaeocytes ______________--choanocytes ______________do most of the digestion and storage of food Wastes leave via _________ 9

Reproduction ______________________________________________ _______________ (Can grow back) Sexual reproduction Sperm enter though the ostia, choanocytes carry them to the egg. Larvae usually develop in the adult then exit through osculum,. 10

_______________of Sponges Filter feeders: Filter out the water Sponges are eaten ______________________ sponge crabs place a sponges on their back to camouflage with their environment - ______________________for animals

Human Importance of Sponges _________________: provides jobs and drives economy in towns that collect them

hydra, stinging jellyfish, coral, anemones Phylum Cnidaria hydra, stinging jellyfish, coral, anemones

General Characteristics of Cnidarians: Jellyfish http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/invertebrates-animals/other-invertebrates/jellyfish.html ________________ _______________________ _________________________ define this group nematocytes: stinging cells

Cnidarians Have __________________ _________ or _____ body plans

Cnidarian Structure _______________2 tissue layers (_____________) _________________ _______________2 tissue layers (_____________) Epidermis Endoderm (gastric) Mesoglea (jelly) between the two tissue layers. _________________ __________________

Reproduction in Cnidarians ____________________________ _____________________: Turritopsis nutricula after the Medusa stage it goes back to the polyp and then Medusa then polyp “forever”

Feeding and Digestion Tentacles with_____________ ____________________ suspension feeders, plankton jellyfish are carnivorous-hunt vertebrates and invertebrates Tentacles then _____________ ________________________ Enzymes digest, cells absorb __________________________ http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/ Blue=anemone mouth red= fish flesh Jellyfish catching fish Anemone eating mussel

Cnidaria have: Cnidocytes, stinging cells that capture prey

Nervous System ________________ Respond to stimuli from all directions Nerve net controls responses and movement

Phylum Cnidarians: Include Classes Scyphozoa: Jellyfish Cubuzoa: Box Jellyfish Hydrozoa: Hydroids Anthozoa: Corals, Sea Anemones

Class Scyphozoa: Jelllyfish ______________________, over 280 species: http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/ 1. Crown Jellyfish 2. Sea Nettles 3. Blubber Jellyfish

Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish) _________ = primary stage ______________________Domed Shape most are small _________ _____________________ largest reach 70+ meters And 450 pounds http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28865-discover-magazine-jelly-fish-behavior-and-diet-video.htm

Class: Cubuzoa Not True Jellyfish different then scyphozoans Called______________ __________shaped not umbrella shaped like scyphozoans. This shape makes them ____________ _______________________ Much ____________in Nematocysts More developed nervous system http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/ Box Jelly True Jellyfish

Long Island Scyphozoa Lions mane can get up to 8 feet, normally 12 inches as seen In the picture to the right Moon Jellyfish 4-10 inches There sting does not hurt people For Jellyfish Sting use vinegar To neutralize the Venom:

Jellyfish as Food?

Scyphozoa: Hydrozoa ________________________________ feeding polyps reproductive polyps __________________________. Instead, the colony is suspended from a gas sac. Usually found in tropical waters but can be pushed by currents as far North to Canadian waters man o war

Anthozoa (sea anemones, coral, gorgonians) _________________, most are sessile, never in the medusa stage Most Anthozoans _______________and therefore require light to live. ___________ ________________ __________________

Anthozoa: Corals _________________ Soft Coral/non building reef corals _________________ ________________Reef Builders and non reef builders __________are called ________ corals or Hard Corals ____________are called ___________ corals or soft Corals Hard Coral/ reef building corals

Anthozoa: Hermatypic Corals They obtain part of their energy from_____________ ____________________________________________. They secrete calcium carbonate to form a __________ ________.

Hermatypic Corals Create Reefs called the Rainforest of the sea _______________________ ___________ ocean contains coral reefs Reefs worldwide provide economic services worth $375 billion per year.

___________________________ ________________________ At the current rate of coral bleaching due to warmer sea temperatures, All coral reef ecosystems will be gone in 30-40 years. Healthy Bleached

Phylum Ctenophora Comb Jellies

Comb Jellies Resemble jellyfish, Comb plates (rows of cilia) run along exterior and propel the animal Most do not have cnidocytes Secrete sticky substance to bind prey or net-like tentacles

Bioluminescence to attract prey, mates, or perhaps to deter predators Usually found in deep waters