Vehicle Electrification and Infrastructure Asilomar August-September 2011 Vehicle Electrification and Infrastructure Britta Gross Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization

AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11 Revised 06/27/11 REINVENTING PERSONAL URBAN MOBILITY: EN-V (ELECTRIC, NETWORKED VEHICLE) AIT_APS07 A centerpiece of the SAIC-GM Pavilion at the 2010 World EXPO in Shanghai, GM’s Electric, Networked Vehicle (EN-V) was developed to show visitors from around the world that the knowledge and ability exist right now to create new ways to eliminate many of the challenges facing urban communities. http://www.youtube.com/user/generalmotorsenv

AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11 Revised 06/27/11 “BOSS” WINS DARPA URBAN CHALLENGE (Nov 2007)! A self-driving Chevrolet Tahoe wins the 6 hour, 60 mile race AIT_FF35 Rear Vision System – Object detection – Far IR Capability Short- Range Sensors Long-Range Scanning Sensor Forward Vision System – Lane tracking Long- Range Sensors Enhanced Digital Map System By combining GPS and wireless communication with advanced electronic controls, it’s possible to create vehicles that can drive themselves. In November 2007, we teamed with Carnegie Mellon University and other partners to develop “Boss,” a self-driving Chevrolet Tahoe that won the DARPA Urban Challenge a six-hour, 60-mile race for robotic vehicles.

PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT “AND” SCENARIO AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11 Revised 06/27/11 PETROLEUM DISPLACEMENT “AND” SCENARIO USDRIVE36 Illustrative Schematic Fuel Economy Improvements and Mix Shift Less Petroleum Alternate Fuels: Liquid Biofuels and Compressed Natural Gas Petroleum Electricity Hydrogen We don't want to just bet on a 3X long-shot improvement in the next couple of years nor do we want to premature squander our resources on prematurely implementing a single technology winner. We see petroleum displacement as an “AND” scenario. We should start soon with the early options … and finish with the strongest long-term energy portfolio. 10-50% improvements over a broad portfolio of technologies taken together will compound to help us – and the market – reach our objective of eliminating petroleum and removing the vehicle from the environmental debate. Time Start soon with early options; finish with strongest long-term portfolio

VEHICLE APPLICATION MAP AIT DA-DOE Workshop 07/18/11 Revised 06/27/11 VEHICLE APPLICATION MAP TGS_Vienna08 As we work to electrify our products, our extended-range vehicles are extremely important … but GM also believes that fuel cells are a significant EV option. At this stage of technology development, battery-electrics can be a good solution for urban commuting … where smaller cars are needed for low-speed, short-range travel. Meanwhile, an extended-range EV like the compact Chevy Volt can meet all of a customer’s daily and long-range driving needs by leveraging a small internal combustion engine as a range extender. However, some customers operate larger vehicles … and have higher-speed, long-distance commutes. This is where another solution is required. So GM is also developing fuel cell-electric vehicles, which can power a wider range of products, from compact cars to family-sized and larger vehicles. GM sees hydrogen fuel cells as the right choice for customers who … need more passenger- or cargo-carrying capability … travel long distances at highway speeds … and require fast refueling.

AIT Executive Forum 08/25/10 Revised 08/20/10 GM Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy No silver bullets (pending a surprising technology “miracle”) AIT_FF06 Improve Vehicle Fuel Economy and Emissions Displace Petroleum Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Electric Vehicles Battery-Electric Vehicles (including EREV) Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (including Plug-in HEV) IC Engine and Transmission Improvements Our advanced propulsion technology strategy, therefore, has been, and continues to be, to pursue multiple energy solutions. There is no silver bullet. So we’ll maintain our focus on both energy diversity and fuel-efficient technologies that are relevant to our customers, in terms of fuel efficiency, performance, and cost. In the near term, we’re leveraging efficiencies such as advanced engines and hybrids, and aggressively pursuing biofuels such as E85 ethanol. We’re also developing new technology solutions, like the Chevrolet Volt extended-range electric vehicle and our fuel cell-electric vehicles. Time Petroleum (Conventional and Alternative Sources) Energy Diversity Alternative Fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, CNG, LPG) Electricity (Conv. and Alternative Sources) Hydrogen 6

(typically 25-50 mile EV range) B. Gross, Plug-in 2009 8/11/09 Chevrolet Volt An Electric Vehicle (with an extended range capability) BKG_PI06 40 Designed for over 300 miles miles Designed for BATTERY EXTENDED RANGE Electric Drive (typically 25-50 mile EV range) Driving on Gasoline New EPA label: EV @ 93mpg (35 miles) + Gas @ 37mpg comb (344 miles) = Overall 60mpg (379 miles)

Chevrolet Volt EREV Consumer Results ~80% of Volt customers are participating in OnStar’s vehicle data collection program . . . Median Volt driver is achieving 66% electric miles Median Volt driver is getting almost 1,000 miles per tank of gasoline (9 gallon tank)

Cars are parked at Home. Or at Work. B. Gross, Plug-in 2009 8/11/09 Cars are parked at Home. Or at Work. This is based on the National Household Travel Survey, 2001 Vehicle location vs. arrival times, several weeks, separated days, >50,000 vehicles, >200,000 travel days Basis of multiple charge per day studies Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311