1) Explain why the Jews revolted against Rome in 66 A.D. AND what Jewish temple was destroyed in the process. 2) What Roman governor ordered Jesus’ death sentence AND why? 3) According to page 170, what difficulties did Christians experience under Roman law? 4) What Roman emperor is credited with spreading Christianity throughout the Roman empire? 5) Who was the first Pope?

1) The Jews believed that the Roman culture would corrupt the Jewish religion; The 2 nd Temple (Solomon’s Temple rebuilt). 2) Pontius Pilate; Feared that Jesus would lead a Jewish revolt against Rome. 3) Persecution, property seizures, execution. 4) Constantine 5) The Apostle Peter

1) How did Christianity begin and what was unique about it?

Priests Bishops Patriarchs Pope

A) Teachings and execution of Jesus Christ B) Conversion of Constantine C) Second temple destroyed D) Christian persecution E) Rome’s official religion F) More Jews move away from Jerusalem G) Legal acceptance of Christianity H) Internal strife

1) Second temple destroyed 2) More Jews move away from Jerusalem 3) Teachings and execution of Jesus Christ 4) Christian persecution 5) Internal strife 6) Legal acceptance of Christianity 7) Conversion of Constantine 8) Rome’s official religion

* Rome allowed the people of all their provinces, including Judea, to practice their own religion as long as they honored the Roman gods and Roman emperor. The Jews believed that the Roman culture would corrupt the Judaism so they revolted in 66 A.D. Many Jews also believed that God would send a savior to lead the Jews to freedom. Rome destroys Jerusalem in 70 A.D. and scatters the Jews throughout Europe (Diaspora). Rome destroys King Solomon’s temple and take everything of value. Only the western wall of the temple was left standing=Wailing Wall

Jesus began his teachings in 27 A.D. and generated a large following of people by performing miracles and promising forgiveness and eternal life. Arrested and crucified by Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, out of fear of leading a revolt against Rome.

Christian belief states that Jesus died and then rose from the dead 3 days after his crucifixion and organized the Christian church. It is also believed by Christians that Jesus ascended into heaven, died for the sins of all human beings, and through his death all man kind can be saved from God’s final judgment.

Jesus’ apostles and followers spread the teaching of Jesus throughout the Roman empire. All 12 of Jesus’ apostles will be killed for their beliefs. Eventually Christianity will be outlawed from the Roman Empire. Christians will be persecuted and killed; land confiscated.

THE TWELVE APOSTLES: 1. Andrew - crucified 2. Bartholomew - beaten then crucified 3. James, son of Alphaeus - stoned to death 4. James, son of Zebedee - beheaded 5. John - exiled to the island of Patmos for his faith; died of old age. 6. Judas (not Iscariot) - stoned to death 7. Matthew - speared to death 8. Peter - crucified upside down 9. Philip - crucified 10. Simon - crucified 11. Thomas - speared to death 12. Matthias - stoned to death

1) Christians were monotheistic. 2) Christians tried to convert the people to their religion. 3) Rome viewed Christian beliefs as an attack against their culture, religion, and law. 4) Christians were arrested and executed; property seized.

Emperor Constantine has a vision before a large battle where he sees a cross in the heavens and an inscription in the sky reading "By this thou shalt conquer." Constantine embroiders the sign of the cross on his armies shields. Constantine’s army rides to victory. Constantine gives credit for the victory to God and converts to Christianity.

Jesus Spread of Christianity Acceptance and Organization

Jesus 1. Personally taught in Judaea and performed miracles. 2. Gained followers 3. Crucified 4. Believed risen from dead Spread of Christianity 1. Disciples deliver message 2. Spreads slowly through empire 3. Outlawed by Romans 4. Christians persecuted and disciples killed. Acceptance and Organization 1.Accepted by Constantine and the Romans 2. Made official religion 3. Priests, bishops, patriarchs, pope 4. Church councils establish beliefs.

Constantine issues a decree, called the Edict of Milan, allowing the worship of Christianity in Rome. In 325 A.D. he creates the Council of Nicaea to write down the main beliefs of the Christian Church. The existence of the Trinity is explained(3 in 1). e= e= Constantine is baptized on his death bed in 337 A.D. In 391 A.D. Christianity is declared the official religion of Rome. Within 400 years Christianity has spread throughout the entire Roman Empire and becomes the dominant religion of the region.

1) Priests: conducted local services and ceremonies. 2) Bishops: Leaders of the Christian church in each city. 3) Patriarchs: Bishops of the large empire cities. Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. 4) Pope: Patriarch of Rome took the title of Pope- Supreme Patriarch over the entire Christian church with divine authority the apostle Peter (1 st Pope).