Mahayaha Buddhism #15 Buddhism in Tokugawa Era Masayo Urasaki 26 September 2012

Today ’ s schedule 1) To understand Japanese pre-Modern society (Tokugawa Era) and transformation of Buddhism. 2) To understand that influences of Kamakura Revolution in Tokugawa Era

Keywords ・ Pre Modern (Tokugawa – Era 徳川時代 ) ・ System of family which supports a temple （檀家制度） ・ Subsidiary system of temple （本末制度） ・ Investigating of Religion affiliation （宗門 改） ・ Myo-ko-nin/ Ideal person of Shin Pure land （妙好人） ・ Hakuin （白隠） ・ Ryoukan （良寛）

Kamakura Era ’ s Buddhist Revolution  Essence of the Revolution ・ Buddhism for the Public (local people) ・ Everybody can become Buddha ・ Easy practices ・ Prefer faith to practices → Spread to Local People, built many Temples. There are monks who engaged in Arts, financier. (Power of Buddhist become strong)

Influences of Christianity  Francisco de Xavier/ Born 1506 at Spain.Catholic missionary. First Propagate at Japan in 1549 → He wanted to go to Kyoto for propagate, but Shogun and Monk not permitted → propagate at Kyuryu or Shikoku 2 years. → Some Japanese Feudal Lord （ daimyo 大名） convert to Christian expecting not only faith but also profit of trading.

From Middle Age to Pre Modern  Era of Civil War → Unification of all Japan 1) Oda Nobunaga （織田信長） ・ Set fire to the temple for weaken power of monk (Mt.Hiei, Mt.Koya, Kofuku-ji at Nara) ・ Permit to propagate Christian Missionary, use them to oppress Buddhism 2) Toyotomi Hideyoshi （豊臣秀吉） ・ Strong Control of Buddhist Temples ・ At first, Protect Christian, spreaded too much, so he prohibited to propagate at 1587.

Tokugawa Era  Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu （徳川家 康）  Tokugawa Era ( ) Conquer all Japan almost 300 years Toward Christianity → prohibit → But local people still faith secretly Toward Buddhism → Using the power of Buddhism to control local people

Tokugawa Era ’ s Policy toward Religion Strong Control and Umbrella of the Politics 1) System of family which supports a temple （檀家制度） All people had to belong the temple. → Government easy to grasp the information → Aim of prohibiting Christianity completely → Temple didn ’ t need to propagate so hard

2) Subsidiary system of temple （本末制度） Control to use “ head and branch temple relations 3) Investigating of Religion affiliation （宗門改） People should submit their faith, address, family information → It was also benefit to guarantee the relationship between local people and temple Main Temple

What happened to each schools?  Tendai / Shingon After destroyed by Shogun Oda, obey the Gov ’ s policy.  Nichiren Fuju Fuse （不受不施派） movement ←protest Gov. / Underground movement  Pure-Land Tokugawa family ’ s temple/Gov. treat Zojo-ji well  Shin Pure-Land Ikko- ikki （一向一揆） Poor people protest Gov. Myoko-nin （妙好人） Ideal person of Shin Pure land  Zen Protect from Gov. Rich monk-Artist, Tea ceremony

Outstanding Monks at Tokugawa Era ・ Hakuin( ) Rinzai Zen Born at Shizuoka Province. Revival of Rinzai Zen. Became monk 15 years. Zen Artist. Teaching of Health Care. (Ex.Breath Meditation before sleep) ・ Ryokan ( ) Soto Zen Born at Niigata-Province. Became Monk 18 years old. Poet and Calligrapher. He likes to play children. Intimate Character.

Prepare for Final Examination  Range of test >> All (China, Nara, Heian, Kamakura, Tokugawa)  Full score >> 50 points 20 points >> Question “True or False” (10 questions) 30 points >> Writings short essay (3 questions)