Early United States Foreign Policy 1865-1914
I. Early History II. Post Civil War III. Early U.S. Expansion A. Revolutionary War B. George Washington’s Farewell Address C. War of 1812 D. Monroe Doctrine-1823 E. Manifest Destiny II. Post Civil War A. Goals 1. Domestic 2. Foreign Policy B. Early Events 1. Maximilian Affair 2. Alaska C. Ideology 1. New Manifest Destiny A. Imperialism B. Social Darwinism C. Alfred T. Mahan III. Early U.S. Expansion A. Samoan Islands B. Hawaii Venezuela
36 The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connexion as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. 37 Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.
War of 1812
James Monroe: Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the newly independent states of the Americas. The United States would not interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western Hemisphere. However, any attempt by a European nation to oppress or control any nation in the western hemisphere would be seen as an act of aggression and the United States would intervene
Manifest Destiny John Quincy Adams Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way Frederick Jackson Turner Chicago World’s Fair American Progress
Go West Young Man, Go West
Benito Juarez
Maximilian Affair
My people they love me….
Alaska: Seward’s Folly
Imperialism
Social Darwinism Charles Darwin Herbert Spencer Francis Galton
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Samoan Islands
American Samoa
Hawaii
The Takeover William McKinley Sanford Dole John Stevens Grover Cleveland
The Republic of Hawaii
Venezuela Marquess of Salisbury Richard Olney
IV. Spanish-American War A. Cuba 1. McKinley Tariff 2. Wilson Gorman Tariff 3. Revolution B. Yellow Journalism C. Pre-War Events 1. Reconcentrado Camps and “The Butcher” 2. The DeLome Letter 3. The Maine D. The War 1. Two Theatres A. Cuba (Caribbean) B. Philippines (Pacific) C. Land Operations
Spanish-American War
Yellow Journalism
Pulitzer v. Hearst
Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler Enrique Dupy DeLome
Remember The Maine
The Rough Riders
Two Theatres
IV. Spanish-American War E. The Peace 1. The Treaty of Paris 2. Philippines Question 3. McKinley and the Almighty F. The Great Debate 1. Imperialists 2. Anti-Imperialists G. Cleaning Up the Empire 1. Puerto Rico and Guam 2. Cuba A. Teller and Platt Amendments 3. Philippines
The Philippines Question Emilio Aguinaldo Commodore Dewey
Philippines
“I have read carefully the treaty of Paris, and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem. It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them deal with their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land.„—Mark Twain, New York Herald, Oct. 15, 1900.
V. Theodore Roosevelt and the Making of an Empire A. Panama 1. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 2. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 3. Hay-Herran Treaty B. Roosevelt Corollary C. Far East 1. China A. Open Door B. Boxer Rebellion D. Russo-Japanese War 1. Treaty of Portsmouth 2. Taft-Katsura Agreement 3. Gentlemen’s Agreement 4. Root-Takahira Agreement
AMANAPLANACANALPANAMA Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Hay-Pauncefote Treaty Hay-Herran Treaty
The Panama Canal
Panama Canal
China: Sino-Japanese War
Boxer Rebellion
Foreign Troops Arrive
Russo-Japanese War
Treaty of Portsmouth
Taft-Katsura Agreement
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Root-Takahira Agreement
A Look Into the Future