Chapter 12 The Age of “Isms”: Revolutionary Thinking Confronts the Church

Church is still recovering from the Reformation Faced with intellectual and political movements that at times appeared to threaten the church’s fundamentals and existence

On loose leaf Why are people intolerant of beliefs different from their own? Consider intolerance to religious beliefs…cite two examples of peoples negativity toward others’ religions What groups today are persecuted? Why are they persecuted?

Europe as a Battlefield Gunpowder Plot Thirty Year’s War Catholic intolerance Witch Hunts

New Styles of Religious Life New styles to respond to the great needs of the people Respond with compassion Were founded to serve the poor, the sick, the ignorant, and the homeless

Vincentians and the Daughters of Charity Vincent de Paul Organizes the Ladies of Charity to feed the homeless and clothe the sick Established a band of priests who walked the countryside preaching and teaching

Daughters of Charity Founded by Louise de Marrilac Realized service to the poor was essential to the Church’s mission Ran hospitals, hospices, orphanages and schools Charted a new course for women in the Church

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Christians who serve poor people should live as much as possible in the lifestyle of the poor.

The Christian Brothers Founded by John de la Salle Started schools Founder of modern education ◦Classrooms ◦Language ◦Variety of subjects

The Enlightenment New attitude toward life Focused on science and reason It challenged Church beliefs and existence

Rationalism The universe was regulated completely and reasonably by universal natural laws Did not need the Bible or religious truth Skeptical of personal God revealed in Jesus Deists: rationalist philosophers who believed God was distant and removed from the world

Empiricism All knowledge came solely from the senses or experience What people saw, heard, touched…was only basis for knowledge David Hume used philosophy to try to prove that God did not exist Sir Isaac Newton

Galileo Earth moved around the sun Seemed to go against the Creation account Condemned by the church for his beliefs 1992 John Paul II

Religion and government Questions about both Monarchies “divine right” Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory ◦Government by consent of the people Church was attacked ◦Religious nationalism ◦Church would rule itself through its own king appointed bishops

Secularism The exclusion of religious meaning or considerations from the affairs of human life Separate the church and state ◦Even oppress

French Revolution Turmoil for the people and the Church Napoleon Pope imprisoned Papal States Overthrown France returns to small monarchy Church begins anew ◦Lost wealth and prestige

Think Agree or disagree with this statement: The worldwide church and local churches are better off without wealth and power.

Pope Pius IX Loses the Papal States Claims to be a “prisoner of the Vatican” Fears the pope will not be able to travel freely in Italy It also generated money for the administration

Pius IX (continued) Longest papacy in history Moral and spiritual authority Asserted dogma of Immaculate Conception Encouraged all countries to build seminaries in Rome Wrote Syllabus of Errors Called Vatican I ◦Infallibility

John Henry Newman Anglican convert to Catholicism Said liberal arts education was consistent with the Church Deep respect for intellectual inquiry and learning Faith and reason are not at odds

Think Do you think that free intellectual inquiry is not only compatible with Catholic faith but encouraged by it?

Industrial Revolution Machines producing goods People flocked to cities but they were crowded dirty and disease ridden Exploited workers ◦Low wages ◦Unsafe working conditions ◦Children working

Marxism Karl Marx-father of modern communism Theory of property and ownership and classless society that is the opposite of capitalism

Pope Leo XIII Rerum Novarum ◦Workers have rights to just wages and decent working conditions, to trade unions and collective bargaining with management ◦Extreme socialism and extreme capitalism are bad for a society Beginning of Catholic social justice teaching ◦Christianity emphasizes both the dignity of the human person and the common good of society

Darwinism Movement that held the theory of evolution Led the church to further scholarship and biblical study Today Catholic scholars find no contradiction between a theory of evolution and Creation story in the bible

Conclusions Church as primarily a spiritual and moral force Separated from the state the church could criticize society Identified more with rights of workers and poor people

Implications 1. Religious intolerance still exists today 2. Religious orders were models and still exist today 3. Catholic Social Justice Teaching 4. Christians need not be afraid of free intellectual and scientific inquiry.

Dream Job What is your dream job? (must be a real job) Answer 5 questions 1.What is the best thing about your job? 2.How would you describe the income level of your dream job? 3.Do you think that your dream job will help your relationship with God? Why or why not? 4.How could your dream job help others? 5.Based on your responses, what is most important to you?