Chapter 5 Exploring Loyalties

Contending Loyalties My family Region Culture Race Country Humankind Friends Employer School Environment Religion Political Beliefs

Hyphenated Identity Read Look at Perspective #1 and #2 What are some of the strengths and weaknesses in those arguments? What are your thoughts towards a hyphenated identity?

Contending Nationalist Loyalties Canada is a _______________ The purpose of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, was to ___________ the fundamental rights and freedoms valued by Canadians For people to feel loyal to Canada, they must ___________________ in Canada for ________________

Language Loyalties Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (B & B Commission) charged to investigate and report the existing state within Canada and recommend steps that should be taken active role of government in language politics frame government and language politics in terms of equality and a common community both languages to be promoted across Canada

Official Languages Act 1969 declared both French and English to be official languages all federal institutions were required to offer their services in either French or English broadened over the years - Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

Bill 101 (1977) - Charter of the French Language is resolved therefore to make of Friends of the Language of Government and the Law; as well as the normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business Is a French-speaking society in Quebec an act of loyalty?

Bilingualism in Public Education (1970) second language instruction French Immersion Bilingual Consumer Packaging (1974) bilingual labeling on most consumer packaging

Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) Section 16 - Two Official Languages Section particular language rights in government institutions Section 23 - provincial governments offer education to Canadians in the official language of their choice

Rise of the ADQ hinted at a new direction for Quebec nationalism 31% of popular vote - called for Quebec’s autonomy within Canada and a new name “The Autonomist State of Quebec” own constitution, own citizenship, override those federal laws seen as contrary to provincial interest

Loyalties of Aboriginal Canadians ____________________ a set of amendments to the Constitution of Canada designed to persuade Quebec to endorse the Constitution MLA Elijah Harper rose a _________ _________ and voted against the motion that derailed the amendments

Meech Lake 1987 recognition of a ‘________________’ within Canada 3 years to pass resolution - MB and NFLD failed to ratify the resolution shaped a sense of isolation and desire to seek their own nation

video a short clip on PM Trudeau’s concept of special status for Quebec

CTV Movie on Elijah Harper

______________ were not being recognized and the idea that Canada was made up of _______ founding nations and languages _____________________: a principle whereby a nation is _______ to decide its own _____________ allegiance or form of government

Inuit Perspectives ________ - began to move to permanent towns better access to health care, education, and other services slowly became part of the _______________ economy and changed their lifestyles

Non-Nationalist Loyalties Religious __________ Conscientious Objection Military _________

Global Loyalties ____________________ global community ____________________

Afghanistan What can you tell me about the country? Where does your experience come from? I am guessing that most of our information is based primarily from media

Timeline The British are defeated in the Third British-Afghan War Afghanistan becomes an independent nation Britain withdraws from India - Hindu but secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan large uncontrolled border Gen. Khan looks to Soviets for economic and military assistance Khrushchev agrees to help Afghanistan

Khan’s stages a military coup the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan Communist Coup Taraki kills Gen. Khan + proclaim independence from Soviet influence conservative Islamic leaders revolt - guerilla movement is established Mujahadeen rallied against Soviet troops

Mujahadeen are receiving arms from the United States, Britain, and China via Pakistan peace accords in Geneva warlords are emerging as Islamic leaders begin to divide up the country Taliban emerge on promises of peace uphold traditional Islamic values The United States refuses to recognize the authority of the Taliban al Qaida’s bombing of two American embassies in Africa, President Clinton orders attacks against bin Laden’s training camps in Afghanistan

UN sanctions restricting trade and economic development trade center attacks Oct. 7 - US and British troops launch air strikes against targets in Afghanistan proclaim they are ready for jihad Dec Hamid Karzai - is sworn as interim president - supported by the US NATO takes over security in Kabul first parliamentary election in 30 years NATO expands operations - met with suicide attacks and international troops

Afghanistan Compact provides the framework for international community initiatives in Afghanistan ( ) Canada may contribute military assistance or non-military aid

Roles of Canadian Forces provide security to promote development and an environment that is conducive to the improvement of Afghan life operations in support of Afghan National Security Forces strengthen Afghan Governance capacity extend the authority of Government of Afghanistan facilitate the delivery of programs and projects that support the economic recovery and rehabilitation of Afghanistan assist in addressing humanitarian needs of Afghans by supporting Canadian governmental and non-governmental organizations

Canadian Development Role in Afghanistan Political - to create a stable and democratic society Social - to provide fundamental services to its citizens (water, health care, education) Economic - self sufficient to provide for its citizens rather than economically dependent

Specific Development Programs Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund daily operations national microcredit program National Solidarity program Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team 330 member PRT Justice/court systems judges, prosecutors, etc. Police Services mentoring, training Correction Services professionalize prisons Healthcare Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration reintegration into civilian life

Canada’s Continuing Role withdrawal of troops unless NATO adds soldiers “NATO’s reputation is on the line here... all the increasing evidence suggests that NATO’s efforts in Afghanistan as a whole are not adequate” Harper said, according to news agencies.

video Afghan MP clip

Explore the Issues Should the Canadian government consider first the needs of its citizens or the responsibility we have to all people? How should we choose which nations to support?