Lower limbs attach to the body at the pelvis. Pelvis is a ring of bone formed by the sacrum and two coxae. Each coxae is formed by three bones fused together. These bones are: the ilium, the ischium and the pubis.

Landmarks Iliac crest – superior margin Anterior superior iliac spine – anterior end of iliac crest.

The two coxae join anteriorly at the pubic symphysis. They join the sacrum posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint.

Other landmarks/features The socket of the hip joint is the acetabulum. The large hole in each coxae is the obturator foramen.

Distinguishing between male and female pelvis. Female – pelvis less “heavy”. Bones are more gracile, depth is less. Muscular impressions are less heavily marked. Obturator foramen are more triangular and smaller than in the male. Sciatic notches are wider and more shallow.

Pubic symphysis is less deep. Sacrum is shorter, wider and less curved, so the sacral promontory is less imposing into the pelvic cavity. Forensic specialists tell us that it is difficult to sex a skeleton. However if the skeleton is older than 18 years, it is much easier.