White-nose Syndrome (WNS): An Emergent Threat to Bats in North America Jeremy T. H. Coleman, PhD, Robyn A. Niver, and Susanna L. von Oettingen, U.S. Fish.

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Presentation transcript:

White-nose Syndrome (WNS): An Emergent Threat to Bats in North America Jeremy T. H. Coleman, PhD, Robyn A. Niver, and Susanna L. von Oettingen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Scott R. Darling, Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department May 1, 2009

Wildlife Health Crisis Over 90% mortality at affected sites Spreading rapidly All 6 northeastern cave bat species affected 1 Federally listed species

What is WNS? Clinical signs: A white fungus evident on the nose, ears, or wings of most affected animals Wing damage Depleted body fat Jonathan Reichard

Abnormal behavior: Bats flying outside in daylight Dead bats near cave entrances or on landscape Behavioral signs

state, 4 sites

states, 38 sites

2009 – 9 States, 65+ Sites

Why are bats vulnerable? Cave hibernators: Clustering behavior promotes pathogen transmission Clustering behavior promotes pathogen transmission Limited energy resources during hibernation Limited energy resources during hibernation

Anthropogenic Transmission: Bat-to-bat Little brown bat movement to summer colonies from Mt. Aeolus, VT hibernaculum Geographic Spread

Transmission: Anthropogenic May be spread by human activity FWS has requested voluntary ban on caving

Year Indiana bats 13,014124Apparently Unchanged Williams Preserve, Rosendale, NY

Greeley Mine Stockbridge, VT YearNo. Bats Nov March

Old Mine Chester, MA YearNo. Bats 2008Est: 10,500 February March

Jonathan Reichard Alan Hicks Aeolus Cave Dorset, VT Mortality too great to survey

Why care about bats? Bats comprise 1/5 of the world’s mammal species Bats are the primary night-time predators of insects

Biological Consequences Bats have extremely low reproductive rates (live for over 20 years and have only one pup per year)

Citizen Concerns Reports of bats observed: Flying during winter days Landing on buildings, roofs, windows Struggling to fly Dying on the ground

Lots of Media Interest The New York Times The Boston Globe Los Angeles Times Washington Post BBC CBC Vermont Public Radio The New Yorker National Geographic USA Today CBS Evening News Voice of America Canadian Public Radio National Public Radio Der Spiegel Brattleboro Reformer Yankee Magazine FOX Bennington Banner Rutland Herald Burlington Free Press

50+ partners from Federal and State agencies, NGOs, and academia working on: Monitoring/ManagementMonitoring/Management ResearchResearch OutreachOutreach

Outreach Media response and public inquiry response Video production Briefings Presentations Stakeholder engagement WNS display and materials Radio-Canada-Television. documentary, VT

Funded Projects Research support Immune response Investigation of Geomyces fungus Hibernation studies Population (local and rangewide) level impacts –Pre-WNS baseline monitoring –Demographic modeling –Impacts to bats on summer range Contaminants Planning efforts

Issues Investigation takes timeInvestigation takes time Complex coordination needsComplex coordination needs Control presents biological and social challengesControl presents biological and social challenges Two listed species vulnerable nowTwo listed species vulnerable now Potential to impact 25 of 40 N. Am. bat speciesPotential to impact 25 of 40 N. Am. bat species

Concerns