Immune Response to HIV Infection June 28, 2001 Ms. Jane Coyle-Morris Wyeth-Ayerst Research.

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Immune Response to HIV Infection June 28, 2001 Ms. Jane Coyle-Morris Wyeth-Ayerst Research

Immune Response to HIV Infection b Immunology b HIV Biology b Immune Response to HIV Infection

Role of Antibodies

Antibody interaction with Complement Proteins

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Central Role of Helper T-Cells

Macrophage Large, irregularly-shaped phagocytic cells that act as the body’s scavengers. Macrophages engulf and consume foreign material such as bacteria and viruses.

T Cells Arise from stem cells in the bone marrow then migrate to the thymus gland where they develop the ability to recognize foreign antigens in a specific manner.

Helper T Cells (T H ) Detect infection and initiate both humoral and cell-mediated responses (CD4 cells)

Cytotoxic T Cells (T C ) Recruited by T H to lyse infected body cells (CD8 cells)

Cell Marker Proteins b CD4: cell marker found on the surface of T H and macrophages; acts as a receptor for HIV b CD8: cell marker found on the surface of T C

B Cells and Plasma Cells b B Cells: precursors of plasma cells, specialized to recognize particular foreign antigens b Plasma Cells: derived from B cells, they produce antibodies to specific antigens marking them for destruction

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) b Proteins markers found on the surface of the body’s cells to signal “self” from “non- self”. MHC-I can be found on every cell in the body while MHC-II is found only on B cells, T cells and macrophages.

Cytokines b Soluble proteins secreted by the cells of the immune system to signal activation and proliferation of the appropriate components of the immune response. IL-1 is released from macrophages and signals activation of T cells. Activated T cells produce IL-2 which signals proliferation of T cell clones and also helps B cells to start secreting antibodies.

Cytokines

The Immune Response

Central Role of CD4 T Cell

HIV Biology

HIV in Action

Natural Course of HIV Infection

Overview

Immune Response to HIV Infection b Immunology: humoral vs. cell-mediated b HIV biology: complex series of events leading to viral entry and course of infection; evasion of immune system b Immune response to HIV: weak humoral response, strong cell-mediated response diminished over time by depletion of helper T-cells

AIDS/HIV Internet Sites b b b b b b

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