Natural Law Theological Ethics. Natural Law Two approaches to Theological Ethics Natural Law and Divine Command.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Lesson 2 The divine command theory

Advertisements

Non-Consequentialism

Situation ethics: Joseph Fletcher’s four examples

Is Same-Sex Marriage Wrong?

By Don Marquis. According to Marquis, killing a being with a right to life is seriously morally wrong because it robs such a being of its future.

Sexual Ethics from a Virtue Ethics Perspective Applied to issues of: Adultery: sex outside Marriage. Polygamy.Contraception.Homosexuality.

Rachels Chapter 4 Does Morality Depend on Religion?

1 Is Abortion Wrong? II. 2 Thomson’s Project Thomson grants for the sake of argument the premise that a fertilized egg is a person. Thomson challenges.

1 I I Is Pre-Emptive War Wrong?. 2 Phillips’ Central Claim On the principle that just war requires both justice in going to war (jus ad bellum) and justice.

Plato's Euthyphro Question authority “Says who?!”.

ETHICS BOWL kantian ETHICS.

Ethical Theory.

MORAL OBJECTIVISM Introduction to Ethics. MORAL OBJECTIVISM The belief that there are objective moral principles, valid for all people and all social.

From Last time Cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism Subjective descriptivism Cultural relativism Divine Command theory.

“The Trolley Problem” Judith Jarvis Thomson

The Ethics of War 2.forelesning.

Introduction to Ethics Lecture 9 Psychological Egoism

Natural Law and Sexual Ethics

Lawrence M. Hinman, Ph.D. Director, The Values Institute University of San Diego 7/12/2015©Lawrence M. Hinman1 The Principle of Double Effect Phil. 321:

Divine Command Theory Suppose a believer told you that God had instructed them to give £10 to charity – would you be surprised? Why? Why not?

Consequentialism, Natural Law Theory, Kantian Moral Theory

Natural Law/Virtue Ethics. Morality and Human Nature  Natural Law Theory  Based upon assumption that the good is consistent with fundamental design.

Moral Problems Chapter 1. Moral Problems What is Ethics?

Is Same-Sex Marriage Wrong?

Natural Law AS Revision

Unit 4: Morality.

PHIL 2 Philosophy: Ethics in Contemporary Society

Morality and Responsibility Traditional and Modernist.

Aquinas and the Law.

FACTS AND VALUES 1. Extrinsic value vs. Intrinsic value  If something has an intrinsic value, it has the value by itself.  It has the value not because.

1 Ethics of Computing MONT 113G, Spring 2012 Session 18 Ethical reasoning.

Kantian ethics (& suicide): Kantian ethics (& suicide): Immanuel Kant ( ). A German philosopher. Ought implies Can Maxims Categorical Imperative.

Is the study of morality easy? “Line dancing is as sinful as any other type of dancing with its sexual gestures and touching! It is an incitement to lust!”

We are learning the different precepts of Aquinas’ theory.

1 Is Abortion Wrong? III. 2 Brody’s Project Brody argues that, given Thomson’s presumption that the squidge has a full right to life, her argument that.

Introduction to Ethics Lecture 12 Kant By David Kelsey.

Identity. Identify of Objects  What a thing is, what makes it what it is, its properties  The problem  If an object really changes, there can't literally.

Precepts into action L.O WALT how to put the precepts into action. Friday 29 th November 2013 Starter: Write down Aquinas's5 main principles.

Rivermont Presbyterian Church P. Ribeiro 1 Mere Christianity C.S. Lewis Book I Right and Wrong As A Clue To The Meaning Of The Universe Summary of Chapters.

“A Defense of Abortion”

Do Now! Look at your partner’s homework. Using the green pen, peer assess their work 1First relevant point (evidence/example) (P.E) 2First point explained.

Ethics = Morality Some draw a distinction, but no distinction is generally recognized. Philosophers use the terms interchangeably.

By: Judith Jarvis Thomson Presented by: Ashley Baxter.

Natural Law Theory and Human Sexuality

Consequentialism, Natural Law Theory, Kantian Moral Theory

Intuitionism Just ‘know’ that something is ‘good’

Natural Moral Law Aquinas and Reason. This theory is absolute and deontological, this means that it is concerned with ‘action’. In his work “Summa Theological.

Class 6 Kant. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) From Königsberg, Germany.

Explain the Euthyphro dilemma and outline the flaws in the argument 6AE Source of morality.  God’s role in morality.  Human role in morality.  Proposed.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Calvin Gotlieb, Professor Emeritus, Department of Computer Science University of Toronto York University October 18, 2006.

Utilitarianism Utilitarians focus on the consequences of actions.

The Principle of Double Effect. The Conditions There are certain conditions which must be observed before one may perform the action in question. Should.

Inter-relationships Religion and Morality. Relationships Is it true that morality depends on religion, even that it cannot be understood in the context.

(THE HUMAN PERSON AS A MORAL BEING)

E THICS (V OLUNTARINESS ). V OLUNTARINESS : I TS IMPORTANCE TO ETHICS Ethics deals with the study of human acts (voluntary acts of man) It is the amount.

Ethics Review Via the Euthyphro. What does Euthyphro think? What position would this be? Suppose Socrates asks only because he thinks piety is whatever.

Mere Christianity C. S. Lewis. The Law of Human Nature Chapter 1 Two basic points: –Human beings, all over the earth, have this curious idea that they.

AS Ethics Utilitarianism Title: - Preference Utilitarianism To begin… What is meant by preference? L/O: To understand Preference Utilitarianism.

MNU Five Other Ethical Systems Dr. Judy Martin Session 7 – February 18, 2014.

Thomas Hobbes Background on Hobbes A product of the Puritan revolution and the English civil war. Royalist. Opposed to parliamentarianism and.

Relativism, Divine Command Theory, and Particularism A closer look at some prominent views of ethical theory.

Basic concepts in Ethics

Chapter 1: A Moral Theory Primer

Contemporary Moral Problems

Religion and Morality.

Introduction to Philosophy Lecture 15 Ethics #1: Utilitarianism

REL. III- MORALITY Foundations- Part 1.

REL. III- MORALITY Foundations- Part 1.

Natural Laws applied to voluntary euthanasia

Presentation transcript:

Natural Law Theological Ethics

Natural Law Two approaches to Theological Ethics Natural Law and Divine Command

Natural Law Two important things about natural law theory: (1) natural laws are prescriptive; they tell us how we ought to behave. In this sense, they are unlike physical laws (gravitation), which tell us how things do in fact behave and are, therefore, descriptive. Unlike rocks, we are always at liberty to disobey the natural laws that pertain to us. This is how we sin.

Natural Law (2) natural laws are absolute, because the goods in which they are grounded are incommensurable - that is, there is no common metric that would allow us to compare them. Hence, there can be no ‘trade- offs’ between, say, protecting life and seeking knowledge; or, more importantly, between protecting this life rather than that life.

Natural Law Two Principles 1. The principle of forfeiture and 2. The principle of double effect

Natural Law The principle of forfeiture: If I threaten your life (i.e., violate the principle concerning the protection of life), I forfeit my right to life. Thus, killing in self- defense is morally permissible.

Natural Law The principle of double effect: Sometimes it is permissible to perform an action that has, besides its desired (good) effects, a second effect that it would be impermissible to bring about, either as an end or as a means.

Natural Law It is permissible to perform an act that will have evil effects only if: a/ The act is good in itself or at least morally indifferent. b/ The intention of the actor is good, that is, he aims only at the acceptable effect. The evil effects are no part of his purpose; they are not means to his end.

Natural Law It is permissible to perform an act that will have evil effects only if: c/ The direct effect is morally acceptable. d/ The good effect is sufficiently good to compensate for allowing the evil effect.

Natural Law A pregnant women is diagnosed with uterine cancer. If her uterus is removed, she will be saved, but the fetus will die. So the hysterectomy will have evil effects. May a surgeon perform the operation?

Natural Law Terror bombing versus strategic bombing. Sometime in 1940, British policy regarding bombing changed to mandate the targeting of built-up areas as opposed to military and industrial targets. It’s estimated that 300,000 German civilians were killed and 780,000 injured as a direct result of this terror bombing. In Dresden alone, 100,000 civilians were killed.

Natural Law 1/ In the context of war, bombing the enemy is a morally legitimate action. 2/ The direct effect of the bombing was the deaths of civilians and the promotion of terror. This is not morally acceptable. 3/ The intent of the British policy was to incur terror. Killing civilians was indeed an essential part of the plan.

Natural Law Do all human beings share a nature? Apart from our genetic code, what else is it plausible to say that all human beings have in common? How much do we fail to have in common with others?

Natural Law Do the similarities between us out weigh the differences? And what is the moral relevance of this, if indeed it is true?

Natural Law Does the mere fact that something comes naturally make that something morally good or permissible? What about kleptomania?

Natural Law Does the mere fact that something is artificial make that something morally bad or impermissible? What about heart pacemakers and other prostheses? What about antibiotics?

Natural Law In what ways do the tenets of natural law theory continue to exert an influence in public discussions of morality? Think about recent controversies surrounding homosexuality and abortion.

Natural Law The sexual ethics promulgated by natural law theorists is pretty rigorous: no masturbation, no pornography, no sex before marriage. At the end of the 20th century, is this sexual ethic too demanding? Why or why not?

Natural Law C.S. Lewis claims that the inner sense of right and wrong that everyone seems to possess can be explained by positing some power that transcends human existence - that is, God. Do you agree?

Natural Law How else might an apparently universal moral sense be explained? Could it, for example, be explained in terms of evolutionary theory - say, that fitness is increased by artistic behavior?

Natural Law Case Study: Rescue Mission

Divine Command Ethics for Military Leaders Readings 1-3, pages Case Studies: “Leave for a sailor seeking an abortion” “Synopsis of the paradox of divine command in Plato’s Euthyphro”