Rubber Cachuchu (Ameridian) Caucho (Spanish) EuphorbiaceaeHeveabrasiliensis.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
WALT: to know what a rainforest, in particular the Amazon
Advertisements

Pruning Trees and Shrubs Jeff Schalau and Ursula Schuch University of Arizona Cooperative Extension.
TROPICAL RAINFOREST PAGE OBJECTIVES Describe and explain distribution of tropical rainforest. Describe the features of tropical rainforests. Describe.
Most of the tropical Rainforests are located near the equator
Tropical Rainforest.
Moringa Cultivation Partners Relief and Development.
Section #2: Forest Biomes
R&D FOR RUBBER INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM
Farm House Plants. Holly Likes north or east sides of buildings since it thrives in shade. Produces red berries when male and female plants are present.
GROWTH STIMULANTS, RETARDANTS AND ROOTING HORMONES
Seed Propagation Many horticulture plants are propagated by seeds. Seed germination depends on factors like maturity, viability, availability of water,
Rye Grass Ag Education II Rye Grass What do you know about rye grass? How many kinds of rye grass are there? Where is it grown? Why is rye grass important?
Impatiens Bedding and New Guinea Hort 429 Greenhouse Crop Production Terri W. Starman.
Module III: Soil and Climatic Requirements Lesson 2: Climatic Requirements for Chili Pepper After completing this lesson, you have learned to answer: 1.Describe.
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Cacao Family – Sterculiaceae Genus – Theobroma Species - cacao.
Climate Zones and Vegetation
SUGAR APPLE القشطة )) Lara Bdier. D ESCRIPTION Scientific Name : Annona squamosa L. Common Names : annon, custard apple, sweetsop Family : Annonaceae.
Unit E: Fruit and Nut Production
 scientific name : Actinidi deliciosa  Family:actinidiaceae.
Forest are ecosystems in which many trees grow..
Tropical Rainforest Alec LaLone. What is a tropical rainforest??? Well, a tropical rainforest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth.
Propagating Plants by Grafting and Budding
Lifecycle of a Tree. Lifecycle of Trees How to Measure & ID Week 1 Day 3 It is important that students understand the biology of trees to further be aware.
Forest Biomes Chapter 9.
Bamboo Resources, Management and Production in China Lou Yiping, Ph. D International Network for Bamboo and Rattan.
Physiological disorders of citrus
Pomegranate dr.faisl shraim.
Tropical deciduous forest
Horticultural Science Horticulture CD
Introduction Plantation crops are perennial horticultural crops grown on large scale. Coconut, Areca nut, Cocoa, Oil palm, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cashew.
Meredith Wolfe Troy Marowske
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL PROPAGATION Plant Propagation.
Tropical rainforest. The tropical rain forest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.)
Coffee, Coffea arabica ,Rubiaceae
TROPICAL RAINFOREST PAGE
There are many edible vegetables belongs to Cucurbitaceous family, many of which are commercially grown in the field for domestic and international market.
Tropical Grasslands Meghan Kusper Brittany Broome Donovan Sweet.
Plant Adaptations to the Environment
Lecture 4 Forests of the World (III). Tropical Rain Forest The equatorial or tropical broadleaf evergreen rainforest is mainly found in S. America, central.
Horsley Witten Group, Inc. Public Workshop Vegetation Management and Maintenance January 19, 2011 Rhode Island Stormwater Design and Installation Standards.
Virtual Academy for the Semi Arid Tropics Course on Insect Pests of Groundnut Module 1: About Sorghum At the end of this lesson, you have learned to answer.
Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest By: Orion Kendra.
Paper Birch Betula papyrifera Habitat – the most widely distributed (east to west) of all North American birches – northern North America, Labrador to.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Introduction Known as the “queen of forages” Alfalfa(Medicago L.), also called Lucerne Originated near Iran First introduced.
LO: 1. To use atlases and globes to find the location of the main tropical rainforests. Extension: To use co-ordinates to locate rainforests. LO: 2. To.
Tropical Rainforest Michaela Mohrey. Location North central America, South America, Africa, Asia, Australasia.
Rice Growing Ecosystems. Classification of Rice Growing Ecosystems Source of water supply Rainfed Irrigated Land and Water management practices Soil condition.
AP Biology Plant Growth Chapter 35. AP Biology Indeterminate growth  Unlike animals most plants grow throughout their life  annuals  life cycle within.
Reverse Poster 3 1. Pruning fruit trees 2. Thinning fruit trees 3. Effective fruit tree watering and feeding 4. Pest and disease control.
Unit 1 Chapter 6 Noteguide 1
Plant Anatomy Unit 1 Chapter 6 Lesson 1.
Nursery Management and Seedling Production
MALUNGGAYMALUNGGAYMALUNGGAYMALUNGGAY Felicitas M. Neturada DA-RFU 6 Regional Training of Trainers in the Utilization of Malunggay-Based Recipes for In-School.
Tree Basics Basic Description: Woody plants with single stems. Consist of toots, trunk and crown.
Chapter 26 Modern Earth Science
Chapter 3. Today’s Overview: Limiting factors Tolerance How ecosystems change over time – Primary Succession – Secondary succession – Pioneer species.
PROJECT PLANT A TREE. PROPOSITION  Our Goal is to plant 3 apple trees and 3 cherry trees on the roof of the oaks. WHY!  The tree price would be determined.
GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA, L.) INTRODUCTION: Guava belongs to the family myrtaceae, which has more than 80 genera and 3000 species, distributed throughout.
Tropical Grasslands By: Madison Clark Hanna Hartsell Raul Doyle.
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Chapter 35. Plant Growth
Agric Technique Manager, SoGB estate, Grand Bereby, Ivory Coast
Forestry – Logging Methods
By: Becca, Rheanna, and Matt
Poinsettias.
Transplanting.
Techniques of Budding Chapter 13.
Tree Structure.
District Science Grade 7 Unit
Presentation transcript:

Rubber Cachuchu (Ameridian) Caucho (Spanish) EuphorbiaceaeHeveabrasiliensis

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tree n Height –In wild grows to 40 m –Cultivated m Growth restricted by tapping activity n Early training remove all branches up to 2.5 m. –Smooth trunk for latex collection –When trunk reaches 500 mm circumference (15 cm diameter)

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Latex Vessels n Location –External bark –Latex vessels –Phloem –Cambium –Xylem n Laticiferous vessels –Latex synthesis and transport n Tapping –Important not to damage phloem seive cells or cambium –

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Trifoliate Foliage n Young leaves - copper colored –Green when mature –Young trees never devoid of foliage

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Trifoliate Foliage n After tree is mature (5 years) –Wintering, at least once per year Drop leaves Takes 2 weeks to regrow leaf canopy Yield low during this period n Other reasons for defoliation –Drought –Cold and short days (outside trop)

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Flowering n Monoecious –Female flowers - tips of branches –Male flowers more numerous n Cross pollinated –Anemophilic –Entomophilic n Seed –Capsules with 3 seed

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Rubber Origin and Dispersal Wycherley, 1976 Native range of Hevea spp Native range of Hevea brasiliensis W

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Adaptation: Rain forest species n Temperature –Ideal temperature o C –Generally below 600 m above sea level –Up to 1000 m at equator n Moisture – mm / year Does not flourish if pronounced dry season –Excessive rains interfere with tapping

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Adaptation: Rain forest species n Soil –pH –Well drained soil Sensitive to flooding or high water tables n Prone to wind damage –Especially in commercial plantings n Prime growing region –10° N and S of the equator

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Rubber Origin and Dispersal W Wickham takes 70,000 seed to Kew Gardens 1876 to ,000 seedlings sent to Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Origin of Rubber, Hevea brasiliensis n Origin –Amazon Basin –Upper Orinoco –Guianas n Wild trees harvested by local peoples –Footware, bottles –Torches, balls –At least 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans to South America

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Development of Rubber n Initially used little –Could not reliquify –Sensitive to temperature n Priestley in England –Rubber cubes introduced as erasers n 1820’s –Methods to reliquify –Rubberized cloth -> MacIntosh

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Development of Rubber n 1840’s –Vulcanization with sulphur invented –Stabilized rubber at high and low temperatures –Many more uses were invented Seals for sewers Conveyor belts Inflatable boats Springs in railway and road vehicles

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Development of Rubber n Increased demand creates need for reliable source –Brazilian production based on tapping wild trees destructively n British sent Sir Wickham to Brazil to collect seed –1876 brought back 70,000 seed –Germinated at Kew Gardens –2,700 seedlings sent mainly to Sri Lanka

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Development of Rubber n Invention of tires in late 1800s –Increased demand –Increased price of rubber n Stimulated development of plantations in Asia, Africa, and South America –Successful in Asia and Africa –Unsuccessful in South America South American Leaf Blight Microcyclus ulei

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Production n World production –5 million mt 60-70% for tire manufacture –Most (85-90%) in Southeast Asia Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India –Little in South America due to SALB n Production of synthetic rubber –10 million mt Webster and Baulkwill, 1989

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Propagation n Rootstocks - established by seed n Plant fresh seed –Begin lose viability within 7-10 days –Germinate in 1-3 weeks n Nursery –6 months m tall –10-15 months ready for transplant

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Improved Varieties Budded n Budding methods –Week before budding Cut leaves subtending bud n Patch budding - historic n Green strip budding –Let scion latex drain 4 hrs before cutting buds from scions

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Planting n Density –250 to 300 plants/ha n Precocity –5-8 years before begin tapping –Needs to be about 50 cm in circumference at 1 m height –Trunk diameter of 7-8 cm n Productive life –Production increases until 15 years old –Normally tap for years –Recommend replacement at 30 years of age –Harvest trees for timber

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tapping and Bleeding n Begin to tap –45 to 50 cm trunk perimeter n Excision method of tapping –Cut groove 30 o angle mark at 48” point –Draw 180 o around tree (half way) –Groove does not injure cambium

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Latex flowing in recently cut tree

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tapping and Bleeding n Remove thin sliver of bark –3 times/week –1” vertical distance / month – tappings per year n Ethephon (early 1970s) –Applied to bark near cut –Delays plugging --> increased flow n Research to decrease number of tappings needed

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Daily Schedule n One person starts cutting at 0600 –Morning is when flow the highest –Cut 500 trees by 0930 Anti-coagulant in each cup Latex flows for 1-3 hours n Collection begins at 1100

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Tapping Life of Tree n Depends on ability of tapper –Extend life by cutting thinner slivers –Consume bark at slower rate n Tapping schedule –First side tapped for 4-5 years –Second side tapped for 4-5 years –Repeat cycle on original sides –An individual tree will last years

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Second time to tap

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University Yields n Unselected wild seedlings –300 to 450 kg/ha n Modern clones from Wickham population –3 generations of breeding (100 years) –700 to 2,000 kg/ha

Tropical Horticulture - Texas A&M University

Producers n Currently plantation approach is in decline –Large demand for labor n Small holder production is rising –Labor needed throughout year –Relatively low capital investment –Year round cash flow

Any Questions?