Odian Book Chapter 5-2.

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Presentation transcript:

Odian Book Chapter 5-2

Cationic Polymerization

Cationic Polymers Commercial and Technological Significance Chemical Name Trade Name Formula Polyisobutylen Vistanex, Oppanol Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer and chlorinated copolymer ~98% ~2% Butyl Rubber and Chlorobutyl Polyoxymethylene Trioxane-epoxide copolymer Delrin Celcon ~2%

Cationic Polymers Commercial and Technological Significance Chemical Name Trade Name Formula Hydrin Rubber Polyepichlorohydrin Lycra or Spandex Poly(THF) or Poly(tetramethylene oxide) Polybischloromethyl Oxetane Penton

Cationic Polymerizations R = electron releasing group R, R’= Poly(isobutylene)

Cationic Polymerization …Also cyclics Hydrin Rubber Poly(oxymethylene) Delrin

Cationic Polymerization 1) Priming 2) Initiation Step

Cationic Polymerization 3) Propagation 4) CM

Initiators A) Bronsted Acids ionic A  can not be too nucleophilic  HCl is not very good covalent Methanesulfonic acid

Initiators B) 1)Lewis Acids SnCl4, AlCl3, TiCl4, BF3 R3Al, R2AlCl, RAlCl2 2) Co initiator

Auto Ionization Bone dry

Chain Transfer 1) To Monomer More Important in Cationic than in Anionic 1) To Monomer

Chain Transfer 2) Ring Alkylation on Solvent

Chain Transfer 3) Ring Alkylation on Polymer

Chain Transfer 4) Hydride Abstraction from Polymer

Poly(isobutylene) Low MW (Mn<50,000 g/mol) Liquids  adhesives caulking sealants motor oils -  important Tpzn= 0 to – 40 oC w/AlCl3

Poly(isobutylene) High MW (Mn= 50,000-5,000,000) Elastomeric Tpzn= –100 oC w/ AlCl3 w/ 1-5 % isoprene (to vulcanize) Methylchloride as solvent  Slurry

Butyl Rubber Advantages Lower Temp Capability -50 oC NO TM -70 oC = TG More Resistant to Ozone Very Low Gas Permeability  inner tire tubes

Temperature Dependence _ Xn 1/T

Temperature Dependence As T  Termination  and CT  Break  change in mode of CT  [ions] vs [ion pairs]

Complications 3-methyl-1-butene  As T  , % isomerization 

Complications Temp %isomerization -130 oC 100 % -100 oC 70 % 3-methyl-1-butene Temp %isomerization -130 oC 100 % -100 oC 70 %

Isomerization

Cationic Living Polymerization

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