Jae K. (Jim) Park, Professor Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1

Key Design Concepts for Sustainability Use of Scrap Tires Sustainable Storm Water Management Eco-friendly landscaping and course management Prevention of Water Pollution 2

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Advantages of Using Scrap Tires  Savings in scrap tire disposal cost  Substitution of aggregate and sand  Substitution of soils for embankment  Significant savings in compaction costs when compared with the costs of compacting soil  Filtering of pollutants such as pesticides and fertilizers 4

Advantages of Using Scrap Tires 5 Faster drainage Sustainability Pest repellant Insulation Clean water Fertilizer & pesticides removal

Use of Scrap Tires – Tire Chips (1) 6

Berm Surrounding a Man-Made Lake in Putrajaya, Malaysia 7

Use of Scrap Tires – Tire Chips (2) 8

Use of Scrap Tires – Ground Tires 9

Storm Water Management (1) 10 Collection of Rain Water throughout the Golf Course Engineered wetlands packed with tire chips Irrigation

Storm Water Management (2) 11 Buffer Strip Rain Garden Underground Filter Zone Removal of fertilizers, pesticides, solids, heavy metals, organics, etc. by tire chips Tire chips

Sustainability 12 Irrigation with Collected Rain Water Water Quality Improvement Eco-Friendly Environment

Fairway Construction with Crumb Rubber (1) 13 Sand used in USGA green construction: 30 mesh Crumb rubber: 10/20 mesh ¼ inch per application 2 weeks after another ¼ inch Rule of Thumb: ¼ of mowing height Bermuda grass: 1/8 to ¼ inch every 2~3 weeks  US EPA has tested an approved the use of crumb rubber in synthetic turf.  There should be no concern when applied to natural grass. Surface Application Tire-derived aggregates 4~6 inch thick layer Below Surface Application

Fairway Construction with Crumb Rubber (2)  Soil Conditioner  Improved aeration of soil  Optimum drainage  Higher root density  Increased growing season due to insulation 14  Top dressing  Reduced compaction  Protection for the crown of grass  Improved wear tolerance  Improved surface stability  Cushioning from long term wear  Quicker more effective grass recovery  More playing days ‘We find using crumb rubber on and in playing surfaces improves grass growth, gives excellent drainage and increases the wear resistance of natural turf playing surfaces.‘ Jack Dixon, Jack Dixon Service

ATM D-6270 Terminology for Recycled Waste Tire Particles Term NameUpper Limit, in (mm)Lower Limit, in (mm) Chopped TireCut into relatively large pieces of unspecified dimensions Rough Shred 1.97  1.97  1.97 (50  50  50) - Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA)12 (305) (12) Tire Shreds12 (305) (50) Tire Chips1.97 (50) (12) Granulated Rubber0.47 (12) (0.425) Ground Rubber< 0.47 (< 12) - < (0.425) Powdered Rubber- - ≤ (0.425) 15

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