FOUR MAJOR RUSSIAN ERAS: 1.Ancient Russia: Early Period to 1688; Kievan Rus Empire 2.Imperialism: Soviet Union Period: (Bolsevik Revolution of 1917) 4.Post-Soviet Union: Present(democractic & capitalist after collapse of the U.S.S.R.)
KEY TERMS 1.Czar-a Russian emperor (king) 2.Dumas-a Russian congress established by Czar Nicolas II. 3.Totalitarian-absolute control of a governing branch 4.Iron Curtain- an imaginary fence that cut Russia from all contact and trade with the West
KEY TERMS CONT… 5. gulags-labor camps (prisons) 6. Cold War-not an actual war, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union-war of words 7. Communism (command economy)-National ownership of all production and distribution of goods and services 8. Emerging economy-A nation's economy that is progressing toward becoming advanced 9. Convergence – to come together from different directions 10. divergence-to depart from a set course or norm
RUSSIAN LEADERS-CZARS Ivan the Great-monarchy; created Russian state; 13 th century 1700-Peter the Great-Czar; westernized Russia by building schools, libraries 1700-Catherine the Great-Czarina; expanded Russian border; westernized Russia 1894-Nicholas II-last Czar of Russia;adopted constitution and formed Duma
RUSSIAN COMMUNIST LEADERS 1917-Vladimir Lenin-leader of the Bolsheviks; first leader of the Soviet Russia 1924-Joseph Stalin-dictator; sent many people to gulags Nikita Khrushchev; Berlin Wall and Cuban Missile Crisis Leonid Brezhnev
RUSSIAN DEMOCRACTIC REPUBLIC LEADERS Mikhail Gorbachev; gave citizens the ability to speak openly; ended the Cold War and the breakdown of Berlin Wall Boris Yeltsin; 1 st elected leader Vladimir Putin 2008-present-Dmitry Medvedev; war with Georgia escalated tensions with U.S.