Essential Question: – What were the important themes of Periodization 1: Foundations? – What were the important themes of Period 2: The Classical Age? – What were the important themes of Period 3: The Post-Classical Age? – What are some things we will see in Periodization 4: Transition to the Modern World? Warm-Up Question: – Why is history divided into eras? – What might historians use to divide history into eras?

Periodization Overview A periodization is a major era in history. The Mongol Empire corresponds to the end of the second major periodization, the Post-Classical era (from ) – Examine the timeline provided & answer the questions in each box – When finished, be prepared to share your answers

Periodization 1: Foundations Neolithic Revolution & River Valley Civilizations 1.All four early civilizations began along river valleys 2.(a) Egypt, (b) Mesopotamia, (c) China 3.(a) Mesopotamia, (b) India, (c) India, (d) China

Periodization 1: Foundations Neolithic Revolution 1. The discovery of farming & domestication of animals 2.Before farming, people were nomadic hunters & gatherers

Periodization 1: Foundations Rise of Civilizations 1.Cities, specialized workers, gov’t/religion, technology, writing 2.River flooding left behind fertile soil for farming 3.Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China

Periodization 2: Classical Era Rise of Empires 1.Empires are bigger, they conquer their neighbors, & have complex gov't to oversee a large territory 2.Persia, Maurya/Gupta India, Han China, Alexander

Classical Civilizations 1.All the civilizations were empires; Most were classical civs 2.(a) columns, geometry, drama, democracy, philosophy, art (b) arches, domes, republic, Christianity, engineering, law (c) concept of zero, pi, numerals, decimals, earth is round 3.(d) Confucianism, Taoism, merit-based government, Silk Roads 4.(a) democracy, (b) republic, (c) examination system

Definition of Periodization 1-2: Foundations A time after the discovery of farming when civilizations began for form along the fertile soils of river valleys. Over time, many river valley societies developed into advanced civilizations which then led to the rise of large empires. Finally, some societies developed such important cultural achievements that they became “classical” civilizations because their achievements influenced other societies and the modern world.

Periodization 3: Post-Classical Era 1.(a) Islamic Empire, (b) Mongols, (c) Byzantine Empire, (d) Russia, (e) medieval Europe, (f) China 2.(a) chinampas, calendar (b) gunpowder, compass, clock, vaccines, (c) law code, Orthodox Christianity Hagia Sophia (d) medicine, algebra, chemistry, calligraphy 3.(a) Islamic Empire, (b) Ming China, (c) Mongols

Periodization 3: Post-Classical Era 1.(a) Islam, learning (Timbuktu) (b) Swahili, Islam, Christianity (c) Buddhism, Chinese technologies, disease 2.(a) Medieval Europe, (b) Russia, (c) Mayans & Aztecs 3.Protected the Silk Road, increased trade & cultural diffusion

#1 The beginning of a new world religion, Islam

#2 The spread of civilization to new areas of the world

#3 Spread of Christianity, Islam, & Buddhism & creation of “world” religions

#4 The formation of a world trade network

Definition of Periodization 3: Post-Classical Era A time when numerous societies became more connected to each other due to an increase in trade. New trade routes led to cultural diffusion, spread technology, and spread major world religions such as Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity (Catholic and Eastern Orthodox).

Period 4: Global Interactions & Transition to the Modern World

Periodization 4 Predictions What will happen in world history during Periodization 3 (1450—1750)? – Examine the next four images and make a prediction about what will happen in Periodization 3 – Be prepared to discuss your answers

The Renaissance: A rebirth of trade, learning, & new styles of art in Western Europe #1

#2 European exploration and creation of colonies in America and Asia

The split the Catholic Church and formation of new “Protestant” Christian denominations #3

#4 The end of Feudalism & the rise of powerful kings in Europe

Definition of Periodization 4: Transition to the Modern World ( ) A time when Western Europe emerged from the Middle Ages and experienced a “rebirth” in trade, cities, learning, & art. During this era, Europeans questioned many existing preconceptions such as ideas about religion, science, and government. This era marked the rise of the West, a time when Europeans began to spread their influence to parts of America and Asia

Period 4: Global Interactions & Transition to the Modern World

Other Developments in Period 4 Growth of International Trade Columbian Exchange Growth of maritime empires & gunpowder empires Cultural advancement : artistic & literary advancement Syncretic faiths & new faiths