Heart, Respiratory System and Energy Systems

Gross Anatomy of Heart Figure 18.4e

Path of blood powerpoint

Major Heart Vessels Vena Cavae – return blood to the right atrium from the systemic circulation Pulmonary artery – delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs (from rt ventricle) Pulmonary vein – returns oxygenated blood to the heart (left atrium) Aorta – delivers blood to the periphery (from left ventricle)

Heart Valves Insure unidirectional flow of blood through the heart

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs Right atrium  valve  right ventricle Right ventricle  valve  pulmonary arteries  lungs Lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium Left atrium  valve  left ventricle Left ventricle  valve  aorta Aorta  systemic circulation

Circulatory System Arteries continuously branch into smaller vessels and then into capillaries Capillaries are where gas and nutrient exchange occurs Capillaries empty into veins that branch together to return blood to heart

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Nose Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi (and their smaller branches) Lungs (which contain air sacs called alveoli)

Bronchial Tree: Bronchi and Bronchioles The trachea divides into 2 bronchi which enter the lungs, bronchioles are extensions of the bronchi

Bronchial Tree: Bronchi and Bronchioles During exercise: Activity of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system causes relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchioles, which dilates the airways Because air reaches the lungs more quickly, lung ventilation increases (improves)

The Three Energy Systems

INTERACTION OF ENERGY SYSTEMS ILLUSTRATING THE PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM

Lactate Lactic acid is converted to lactate resulting in an increased muscle acidity which can impair muscle performance Lactate itself is not detrimental, nor does it cause soreness Lactate can be used by the body to produce more ATP or glucose