India, China, and Japan

Vedic period in India The Hindu Way of Life Is named for Vedas—a collection of hymns and prayers of Aryan culture—most sacred books of Hinduism c c. 500 B.C. Priests become more important than nobles and kings—almost divine Stone figure of Brahma, Hindu creator god, c A.D.

Class system develops The Hindu Way of Life forerunner of later caste system c c. 500 B.C. Early concept of reincarnation: classes represent parts of an ideal that existed at the beginning of the world soul travels, returns as rain, and is reborn Relief of a Kshatriya, a member of the warrior caste

The Hindu Way of Life Caste, Karma, and Reincarnation Four major castes Brahmans: scholars, priests, teachers Kshatriyas: rulers and warriors Vaisyas: merchants, farmers, artisans Sudras: menial workers “Untouchable” women in southern India. “Untouchables” have no caste.

The Hindu Way of Life Caste, Karma, and Reincarnation Karma—actions in life—affects rebirth and future lives Reincarnation rebirth of the soul in another body also called transmigration of soul

The Hindu Way of Life Hindu Gods and Goddesses Three deities (the Trimuti, or “Three Forms”) stand out Brahma the Creator Hinduism has numerous deities Vishnu the Protector Shiva the Destroyer/Preserver Hindu temple statues

Is founded by Siddhartha Gautama ( B.C.), called Buddha (“Enlightened One”) by followers Buddhism (India) Philosophy and Religion 500s B.C.-A.D. 500s Human suffering caused by desire for earthly goods Rejects Hindu caste system