Coagulation and Flocculation

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Overview of Water Treatment
Advertisements

Often water is prescreened, treated with ozone, or pre-chlorinated before entering the coagulation basin (depending on the quality of the water). Coagulation.
CE Lab Jar Test.
CE 370 Sedimentation.
CE 370 Filtration.
Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment
Coagulation and Flocculation at Water Treatment Plants
Nutrient Removal Project: Chemical Phosphorus Removal Jill Crispell, Stephanie Wedekind, Sarah Rosenbaum.
TREATMENT OF WATER The available raw water has to be treated to make it fit. It should satisfy the physical, chemical and bacteriological standards. The.
Surface Water Treatment Plant
Coagulation CE 547. Overview Turbidity in surface waters is caused by colloidal clay particles. Color in water is caused by colloidal forms of Fe, Mn,
Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulation in Industrial water Treatment
1 CTC 450 Review  Class Requirement  Water treatment exercise  Wastewater treatment exercise.
E NVIRONMENTAL E NGINEERING 441 Lecture 5: Water Treatment (2) Coagulation and flocculation Philadelphia University Faculty of Engineering Department of.
Up-flow Sludge Blanket Flocculator™ Jim Wan Flocculating since 2005 ®
Cumulative Final Exam Review Jeopardy Waterworks Operations III WQT 134 Waterworks Operations III WQT 134.
Coagulation Chemistry: Effects on the Acid/Base Balance Via chemical equilibrium reactions, consumption of OH  in the precipitation step has a domino.
CEE 453 Research Project Chris Garnic Nolan Rogers Creating Ideal Floc for Instant Startup of a Conical Flocculator.
Jar Testing Coagulation Dosage Water Treatment Plants
B. Corrosion, C. Coagulation and flocculation
Unconventional Gas: Shale Gas Shale Gas  Unconventional gas (hydrocarbons) found in subsurface shale formations  Replacement to coal, oil, and natural.
Coagulation: Purpose u Removal of turbidity –historically the reason for coagulation u Removal of natural organic matter –more recently of importance u.
Surface Water Treatment Plant. Fig 4-8: Flow Diagram of conventional surface water treatment plant (“filtration plant”)
Lecture# 3 Water treatment
BCE Environmental Engineering Water Treatment Mdm Nur Syazwani binti Noor Rodi.
Water Filtration Rebecca Whalen. Background Information Water sources: Ground, Surface Water quality: influenced by pollution Forms of pollution: bacteria,
PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FOR LAGOON OPERATORS WHY THE CONCERN OVER P.
Solids Measurement by Gravimetry n Objective n to understand the difference between the various Solids fractions that occur in Water, Effluent and Sludge.
Water Treatment CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Iowa State University March.
Engineering Measurements of Particles Volumetric measure
Spring, 2012 Session 4 – General Chemistry Pt 2.  Inorganic chemistry applications to process technology  Analytical methods.
1 Waste Treatment, Chemical ENVE Why Treat Waste Have a RCRA Waste –TSDS –Treat instead of disposal, landfill –Treat before disposal Or treat in.
Water Sources and Quality. Water Sources and Main Characteristics Groundwater (deep/shallow wells) – Not exposed to pollution but once polluted, restoration.
COAGULATION CHEMISTRY Particle sizes and nomenclature How a coagulant works Characteristics of typical coagulants Fitting the right coagulant to a sourcewater.
Processing, distribution and use of water.
Spring, 2012 Session 3 – General Chemistry Pt 1.  Definition of terms  Chemical formulas  Chemistry background  Reactions  Equilibrium and law of.
Jar Testing Machines – Not Just for Making High End Martinis Anymore Robin Lee, P.E.
The Drinking Water Treatment Process
Chemical Synthesis Module C6. Chemical synthesis: chemical reactions and processes used to get a desired product using starting materials called reagents.
E NVIRONMENTAL E NGINEERING 441 Lecture 5: Water Treatment (3) Sedimentation & filtration Philadelphia University Faculty of Engineering Department of.
Water Treatment CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering
Topic 06 – Kinetics 6.1: Rates of Reaction IB Chemistry T06D01.
Water Treatment CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering
Optimize flocculation with FlocCAM and JarCAM TM.
Fractal Characteristics of Al-Humic Flocs A great contribution to the theory of floc structure was made in early 1980s by Mandelbrot who introduced the.
Experiment 5. A Rate Law and Activation Energy
The Islamic University of Gaza- Environmental Engineering Department
1 Lake water (raw) Flocculation Flash mix Gentle mix Quiescent condition Sedimentation Precipitation Coagulant.
Jar Test Presentation By Douglas Rittmann, Ph.D., P.E. Water/Wastewater Consultant To UTEP Lab Class On March 21, 2006.
Date: Monday, May 11 th 2015 Topic: Water Purification Objective: To recognize the stages of it.
Activity 38 Follow-up: Based on your observation in Activities 37 & 38, what do you think determines how much of a substance dissolves? The identity of.
Water Treatment Plants. Removes pathogens and toxic elements to prepare water for use in homes and businesses Makes water potable (drinkable)
Chapter 9 Section 1 Elements Question of the Day What do gold, iron, and aluminum have in common? What do oxygen, neon, and sulfur have in common? How.
Coagulation and Flocculation
CEE 160L – Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science Lecture 9 Drinking Water.
Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information About Chemical Reactions Chapter 4.
Chapter 7 Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Solutions A solution is a uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute. The solvent is the part.
The Waterworks Section 5.4. How does fresh water reach you? Ancient Romans built aqueducts – canals to carry water from the mountains to the city… some.
Course TEN-702 Industrial waste management unit-2
COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN WATER OF BAHLUI RIVER. (I) COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION PROCESSES Carmen Zaharia 1*, Daniela Şuteu 2 CISA - INTERNATIONAL.
Water Testing APES.
Water Quality Standards
Water Testing APES.
Drinking-water Treatment
Lecture # 11 Water treatment:.
Enhancing Rapid Sand Filtration by Backwashing with Alum
Jar Testing of Chemical Dosages
Table (5.1): Particle size found in water treatment
Acceptability aspects: Taste, odour and appearance  Water should be free of tastes and odours that would be objectionable to the majority of consumers.
Presentation transcript:

Coagulation and Flocculation CE 544 Coagulation and Flocculation

Background Importance of the Processes Why experiment Destabilization of particles (coagulation) Formation of bigger particles (flocculation) Remove Suspended Solids and color Why experiment Needed to design treatment plants

Coagulants Aluminum and Iron salts are used Form settleable floc composed of hydrous metal oxides and impurities Coagulate particles

Jar Test Used to control of plant operations Routinely used by operators Indicate optimum coagulant dose Indicates optimum pH Indicates rate of agglomeration as a function of energy input (paddle speed)

Jar Test Indicates settleability of formed flocs Indicates clarity and pH of supernatant Used to study kinetic reaction Indicates removal of trace constituents

Objectives Conduct jar tests on synthetic surface water to: estimate optimum coagulant dose and optimum pH observe rate of floc formation observe rate of flocculation

Optimum Dose Constitute 50 liters of synthetic surface water and determine: pH Turbidity Color (after filtration) Alkalinity Water temperature Ambient temperature

Use coffee and clay to augment turbidity (40 NTU) and color (80 color units) Calculate alkalinity required to react with max dose of coagulant If alkalinity is not enough, use Na2CO3 to reach at least 0.5 meq/l (25 mg/l as CaCO3) and measure pH Prepare coagulants: Aluminum and ferric sulfates Use the jar test apparatus (6 jars)

Add coagulant to 5 jars and perform rapid mix at 100 rpm for 1 minute (keep the sixth jar as a control) Flocculate at three different speeds and for three different times In each case, record elapsed time before a visible floc is formed Remove paddles and settle till most of the flocs are removed from suspension Collect samples every two minutes till settling is complete

Analyze samples for turbidity and plot turbidity vs. time Measure pH and depth of sludge Estimate volume of sludge Select optimum dose based on clarity of supernatant and settleability of flocs Repeat test with different range of coagulant dose, if results are not satisfactory or need to narrow down the range of optimum dose

Optimum pH Repeat the test using optimum coagulant dose but adjusting pH to 6, 7, 8, 9 with NaOH or H2SO4 before adding the coagulant Measure final pH and turbidity of each collected sample Measure depth of sludge Plot turbidity vs initial pH and final pH Select optimum pH

Microscopic Examination Examine samples of water before and after treatment Describe the nature of materials observed Estimate the size of particle

Coagulation + Activated Carbon If color was not removed efficiently, use activated carbon at different doses Develop a procedure such that color can be removed effectively

Effect of Mixing Time (Tapered) Prepare identical optimum coagulant dose for all the six jars Use rapid mix for all (as before) Reduce mixing to 30 rpm (slow mixing) Use different times for slow mixing (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 minutes) for the six jars Stop mixing and carefully lift the paddles

Allow 30 minutes for settling Measure turbidity and pH of the supernatant

Removal of Microorganisms With prepared culture, examine the efficiency of removal at optimum dose and pH

Analysis and Problems See manual