Reproductive Morphology Flower comprised of whorls or layers House reproductive organs Attract pollinators or disperse pollen Develop new zygote and “prepare” it for dispersal as a seed MONOCOT DICOT

Basic Flower Morphology Look at the two flowers you have Carefully remove each of the parts Lay them out in order in front of you Note shape, size and appearance http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/biology/flower.jpg

Radial - free and fused petals Bilateral Symmetry Radial - free and fused petals http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/glossary/jpeg/rayfloret.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/glossary/flower.htm&h=600&w=600&sz=29&tbnid=WZ3lvCkOHBAJ:&tbnh=133&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bstructure%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

Flower Parts - Calyx leaf-like structures called sepals spongy parenchyma often have functional stomata lots of vascular bundles protect the flower bud seldom used to attract pollinators(but can be showy) usually green and tough, but a lot of variation on this theme

Flower Parts - Corolla Whorls of petals Leaf-like developmentally and structurally Biochemically different due to presence of pigments and oils Petals attractive pollinators Vary in pattern, shape, color, odor, size, etc.

Flower Parts - Perianth outer envelope enclosing a flower made up of either: outer calyx and inner corolla calyx or corolla calyx and corolla combined and undifferentiated from one another

Morphology of Reproductive Tissues Carpel = Female Stamen = Male

Androecium = whorl of male reproductive tissue Filament Spongy parenchyma and epidermis with stomata May have waxy cuticle At least one vascular bundle 2. Anther Held to filament with connective parenchyma Paired microsporangia housing the gametangia Epidermis may have stomata Produces pollen Anther Filament Stamen

Paired Microsporangia Gametangia Paired Microsporangia Filament Pollen Grains http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Angiosperm/Lilium/Adroecium/Mature_pollen_MC.html

Pollen is highly variable in shape, but distinctive for species and genera Some kinds can persists in the fossil record allowing for reconstructing plant distributions

Gynoecium - whorl of female reproductive tissue Carpel (pistil) More leaf-like than stamen Epidermis may have functional stomata Up to 3 vascular bundles Stigma Receptive surface for pollen (may be wet or dry) Style 1 vascular bundle Transmittal for germinated pollen grain Ovary - contains eggs within embryo sac Stigma Style Ovary Carpel

Megaspore mother cell Ovary Embryo Sac http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Angiosperm/Lilium/Gynoecium/

Longitudinal section of a flower Petal Anther connected to filament Stigma Ovary Style http://www.uri.edu/artsci/bio/plant_anatomy/images/146.gif

Mini-Quiz : Label the Parts C D E F G http://academic.regis.edu/tnakamur/midterm%20practice/flower.jpeg

Mini-Quiz : Label the Parts C D E F G Stigma Sepal Style Petal Anther Ovary Filament http://academic.regis.edu/tnakamur/midterm%20practice/flower.jpeg

Angiosperm Life History – Alternation of Generations Sperm (Gamete = n) Egg (Gamete = n) |____________________________| | Zygote (2n) Mitosis Embryo (in seed) Plant (Sporophyte = 2n) Flower ________________________________________________________ | | Anther (Microsporangium) Ovule (Megasporangium) | | Meiosis Meiosis Microspore (n) Megaspore (n) | | Mitosis Mitosis | | Pollen Grain (Microgametophyte n) Embryo Sac (Megagametophyte n) Sperm (n) Egg (n) Angiosperm Life History – Alternation of Generations

http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Biology203/lectures/flowerreproduction/image003.jpg

Correspondence between flower and fruit http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/35/images/ch35summary.gif