Mastering NT Greek 12. Imperfect Verbs By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic

Quick Review PAI verbs lu<w I loose lu<omen We loose lu<eij You loose lu<ete You all loose lu<ei He/she looses lu<ousi(n) They loose lu<w I loose lu<omen We loose lu<eij You loose lu<ete You all loose lu<ei He/she looses lu<ousi(n) They loose

2-1-2 Noun Paradigms lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era< lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi< I am e]sme<n We are ei# You are e]ste< You are e]sti<(n) He/she/it is ei]si<(n) They are ei]mi< I am e]sme<n We are ei# You are e]ste< You are e]sti<(n) He/she/it is ei]si<(n) They are

Present Middle/Passive Indicative lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai I loose myself [Mid.] // I am loosed [Pas.] I loose [subject emphasis] I loose myself [Mid.] // I am loosed [Pas.] I loose [subject emphasis]

Shape of the Future in Greek lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose

Future Middle Paradigm lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai I will loose for myself (Dep. = active) I will loose (subject emphasis) I will loose for myself (Dep. = active) I will loose (subject emphasis)

First Person Personal Pronoun Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom. e]gw< su h[mei?j Gen. mou sou? h[mw?n Dat. moi soi h[mi?n Acc. me se h[ma<j Nom. e]gw< su h[mei?j Gen. mou sou? h[mw?n Dat. moi soi h[mi?n Acc. me se h[ma<j au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = he, she, it au]to<j, au]th<, au]to< = he, she, it

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns Summary e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no = that e]kei?noj, e]kei<nh, e]kei?no = that ou$toj, au!th, tou?to tou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou = this ou$toj, au!th, tou?to tou<tou, tau<thj, tou<tou = this o!j h! o! = Relative (who, which) ou$ h$j ou$ o!j h! o! = Relative (who, which) ou$ h$j ou$

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j: Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoi?j: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven a[giasqh sou make holy name your make holy name your e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your genhqh qe qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your

Introduction English: only one past English: only one past They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson. They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Greek has 2 past tenses Imperfect: continuous/process past Imperfect: continuous/process past They were standing at the top of Mt. Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing]) They were standing at the top of Mt. Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing]) Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it happened Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it happened They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson. They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Imperfect Formation Augment + PRESENT STEM + CV + 2nd Ending Augment + PRESENT STEM + CV + 2nd Ending  CV = connecting vowel e + lu + o + n = e + lu + o + n = The connecting vowel is: The connecting vowel is:  o before m and n  e before everything else

Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w Singular Plural Singular Plural e]lu<omen I was loosing We were loosing e]lu<omen I was loosing We were loosing e]lu<ete You were loosing You (pl.) were loosing e]lu<ete You were loosing You (pl.) were loosing He/she/it was loosing They were loosing He/she/it was loosing They were loosing Secondary endings: (primary = present/future) Secondary endings: (primary = present/future) Chant : n, s, e, men, te, n Chant : n, s, e, men, te, n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w Singular Plural Singular Plural e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa I was being loosed We were being loosed e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa I was being loosed We were being loosed e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe You were being loosed You all were being loosed e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe You were being loosed You all were being loosed e]lu<eto e]lu<onto He/she/it was being loosed They were being loosed e]lu<eto e]lu<onto He/she/it was being loosed They were being loosed Chant: e]luo<mhn, -mhn, -ou, -eto, -o<meqa, -esqe, -onto Chant: e]luo<mhn, -mhn, -ou, -eto, -o<meqa, -esqe, -onto

Four Ways to Augment an Augment 1) Before a consonant: e 1) Before a consonant: e 2) Before a vowel: lengths vowel 2) Before a vowel: lengths vowel  a and e lengthen to h (e+a=h; e+e=h)  o lengthens to w (e + o = w)  i ending a diphthong subscripts (e+ei = ^)  u ending a diphthong stays strong (e+au=hu)

Four Ways to Augment and Augment 3) Prepositional with final consonant: insert e augment in middle 3) Prepositional with final consonant: insert e augment in middle  e]kballw -- e]ceba<llon 4) Prepositional with final vowel: drop+insert -- final vowel dropped and e inserted 4) Prepositional with final vowel: drop+insert -- final vowel dropped and e inserted  a]poktei<nw (I die) – a]pe<kteinon (I was dying)

Augmenting Imperfect Examples e + a = h (e + a]kou<w) e + a = h (e + a]kou<w) e + e = h (e + e]gei<rw) e + e = h (e + e]gei<rw) e + o = w w]rxou<mhn (e + o]rxe<omai) e + o = w w]rxou<mhn (e + o]rxe<omai) I was dancingI was dancing e + ai = ^ ^?ron ( e + e + ai = ^ ^?ron ( e + e + oi = & &]kodo<moun (e + oi]kodome<w) e + oi = & &]kodo<moun (e + oi]kodome<w) I was buildingI was building

Imperfect ei]mi< ( a big one) Singular Plural Singular Plural h#men I was We were h#men I was We were h#j h#te You were You all were h#j h#te You were You all were h#n h#san He/she/it was They were h#n h#san He/she/it was They were Chant this one in your sleep. Chant this one in your sleep.

Some Translation Examples e]kei?noj de> peri> tou? naou? tou? sw peri> tou? naou? tou? sw<matoj (body) au]tou? (Jn 2:21) but that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body but that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body kai> pro>j au]to pro>j au]to<n (Jn 4:30) And they were coming to him And they were coming to him

Vocabulary - Chapter 12 a]poqn^<skw I die a]poqn^<skw I die e]kei? there e]kei? there e!wj until e!wj until i]dou< behold i]dou< behold i!na in order that, that i!na in order that, that

Vocabulary - Chapter 12 ]Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ John ]Iwa<nnhj, -ou, o[ John me<n on the one hand, indeed me<n on the one hand, indeed o!loj, -h, -on whole, entire o!loj, -h, -on whole, entire o!te when o!te when su<n with su<n with

Imperfect IAI (I M/P I) Chant: n, s, e, men, te, n Chant: n, s, e, men, te, n Chant: e]luo<mhn, -omhn, -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto Chant: e]luo<mhn, -omhn, -ou, -eto, -omeqa, -esqe, -onto

Imperfect ei]mi< ( a big one) h#men h#j h#te h#n h#san I was, you were, s/he/it was… h#men h#j h#te h#n h#san I was, you were, s/he/it was…