Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Perfect Perfect Active Stem + -erī + personal endings laudāverīs, monuerīs, ēgerīs, audīverīs Pluperfect Perfect Active Stem + -issē + personal endings laudāvissēs, monuissēs, ēgissēs, audīvissēs

Perfect Subjunctive Active audīverintēgerintmonuerintlaudāverint audīverītisēgerītismonuerītislaudāverītis audīverīmusēgerīmusmonuerīmuslaudāverīmus audīveritēgeritmonueritlaudāverit audīverīsēgerīsmonuerīslaudāverīs audīverimēgerimmonuerimlaudāverim

Pluperfect Subjunctive Active audīvissentēgissentmonuissentlaudāvissent audīvissētisēgissētismonuissētislaudāvissētis audīvissēmusēgissēmusmonuissēmuslaudāvissēmus audīvissetēgissetmonuissetlaudāvisset audīvissēsēgissēsmonuissēslaudāvissēs audīvissemēgissemmonuissemlaudāvissem

Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Passive Perfect Passive Perfect Passive Participle + Present Subjunctive Active of sum laudātus sim, monitus sim, etc. Pluperfect Passive Perfect Passive Participle + Imperfect Subjunctive Active of sum laudātus essem, monitus essem

Perfect Subjunctive Passive audītī sint actī sint monitī sint laudātī sint audītī sītis actī sītis monitī sītis laudātī sītis audītī sīmus actī sīmus monitī sīmus laudātī sīmus audītus sit actus sit monitus sit laudātus sit audītus sīs actus sīs monitus sīs laudātus sīs audītus sim actus sim monitus sim laudātus sim

Pluperfect Subjunctive Passive audītī essent actī essent monitī essent laudātī essent audītī essētis actī essētis monitī essētis laudātī essētis audītī essēmus actī essēmus monitī essēmus laudātī essēmus audītus esset actus esset monitus esset laudātus esset audītus essēs actus essēs monitus essēs laudātus essēs audītus essem actus essem monitus essem laudātus essem

Hooray!!! You’ve learned all the Latin verb forms!

Translation of the Perfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive (for purpose clauses) = = = = pluperfect subjunctive perfect subjunctive imperfect subjunctive present subjunctive “might have” “may have” “might” “may”

Indirect Questions Interrogative word Indicative verb of the head verb of speech, mental activity or sense perception + accusative and infinitive+ + Subjunctive Indirect Statement: Indirect Question:

Interrogative words when?quandō, interrogative adverb why?cūr, interrogative adverb how?, how much?quam, interrogative adverb which?, what?quī, quae, quod, interrogative adjective who?, which?, what?quis, quid, interrogative pronoun

Interrogative words whether… or?utrum… an, interrogative adjective whether? (attaches to first word) -ne, interrogative suffix which (of two)?uter, interrogative adjective from where?, whence?unde, interrogative adverb where?ubi, interrogative adverb

Indirect Questions Rogat quid Julia faciat. She asks what Julia is doing (right now). Rogat quid Julia fēcerit. She asks what Julia has done. Rogat quid Julia factūra sit. She asks what Julia will do. (is about to do) future active periphrastic

Future active periphrastic: future active participle + present/imperfect subj. of sum

Future active periphrastic: future active participle + present/imperfect form of sum The future active periphrastic with a subjunctive form of sum is used to show action happening in the future in dependent clauses. This is form is needed because there is no future subjunctive.

Primary Tenses future perfect perfect (time prior to main verb) perfect (has_ed/have_ed) future present (contemporary time/time after main verb) present Primary Subordinate Subj. Main verbSequence

Secondary Tenses Subordinate Subj.Main verbSequence pluperfect pluperfect (time before main verb) perfect (___ed/did__) imperfect (contemporary time/ time after main verb) imperfect Secondary/ Historical

Primary Tenses videō quid faciās I see what you are doing vidēbō quid faciās I shall see what you are doing vīderō quid faciās I shall have seen what you are doing vīdī quid faciās I have seen what you are doing.

Primary Tenses videō quid fēcerīs I see what you have done. vidēbō quid fēcerīs I shall see what you have done. vīderō quid fēcerīs I shall have seen what you have done. vīdī quid fēcerīs I have seen what you have done.

Secondary Tenses vidēbam quid facerēs I saw what you were doing. vīdī quid facerēs I saw what you were doing. vīderam quid facerēs I had seen what you were doing.