The Rise of Russia

Slavs During the Byzantine Empire, Slavic people lived in the land west of Ural Mountains. In the 800’s Vikings or Rus began to live there. Land became Russia and Viking chief became their king. Soon the city of Kiev became an important city and center of trade.

Kiev becomes Orthodox In 980 Vladimir converted to Christianity and forced everyone to convert too. Orthodox Christianity became the religion of Russia with the emperor as the supreme ruler of the Church.

Mongol Invasions In 1240 the Mongols invaded Kiev led by Batu Khan (Genghis Khan’s grandson). They ruled Russia for 200 years. They allowed the people to keep their customs and Christianity remained the religion in Russia.

Ivan I In the 1320s Moscow had grown into a strong city with water access. Moscow’s Prince Ivan I was appointed as tax collector by the Mongols. They also gave him the title of Grand Prince – the most powerful of all Russian princes. He also strengthened Moscow.

Ivan III Ivan III openly challenged Mongol rule. He took the name czar (Russian for Caesar) In 1480 Russian and Mongol armies faced each other. Neither would advance. Both turned around and went home. Russia was free from Mongol rule.

Ivan IV Ivan IV – Ivan the Terrible – became Russia’s leader when he was 3. The boyars (nobles) fought to control him. When he was 16 he officially crowned himself czar.

Ivan the Terrible’s “Good Years” From Ivan IV ruled fairly. He set up a set of laws for Russia. He won battles and added lands to Russia.

Ivan the Terrible’s “Bad Years” In 1560 his wife died. Ivan accused the boyars of poisoning her. He organized a private police force to protect him. They executed many boyars. In 1581 Ivan killed his own son which left no one strong enough to rule.

The Romanov Dynasty After Ivan’s only living son died, there was no one left to take control of Russia. The boyars fought for control. This became the Time of Troubles. Finally Michael Romanov was chosen as the next czar. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia for 300 years.

Peter the Great In 1696 Czar Peter I became the ruler of Russia. He was a great reformer and became known as Peter the Great. He traveled to Europe and brought back ideas for change.

Peter The Great’s Reforms Brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control. Got rid of the church patriarch and ruled it through the Holy Synod Reduced the power of landowners and put low-ranking family members in positions of authority.

Peter the Great’s Introductions Introduced potatoes Started Russia’s first newspaper Raised women’s status Ordered nobles to wear Western clothes like those in Europe. Advanced education Established the city of St. Petersburg so ships could sail from Russia to Europe and advance trade.

Ivan the Terrible Born in 1530, Ivan was only three when he inherited the Russian throne following his father's death. At the age of seven, he lost his mother who was poisoned by nobles at court. Ivan was crowned Russia's Tsar at the age of 17. He chose Anastasia Romanov, the daughter of a minor noble. His wife Anastasia helped to hold his cruelty in check, but in 1560 she died. He accused his nobles of poisoning her, and became even more mentally unstable. Until recently, most scholars have rejected Ivan's accusation of murder as evidence of his paranoia. But recent forensic tests on Anastasia's remains have revealed more than ten times the normal levels of mercury in her hair. It is likely, that Anastasia was indeed murdered, sending Ivan into a downward spiral of murder and cruelty. He was a quick-tempered, angry person, very hard to deal with. His oldest son Ivan Ivanovich ( ), the heir, a strong person and supporter of his father, did not always agree with his father. During one of their hot disputes King Ivan struck his son with his heavy staff. The blow was into temple and the prince died. A painter, Ilia Repin, managed to show the tragedy of a father in his painting "Ivan and his son". Mad with sorrow and guilt, Ivan the Terrible had a dramatic change, by forgiving all those he'd executed and paying for prayers to be said for their souls. Before his death, Ivan was re-christened as the monk Jonah and buried as a monk in the hope of finding ultimate forgiveness. Answer the questions below based on the reading passage above. 1.How old was Ivan when he became the Tsar?________ 2.Why did he become a tsar so early?______________________________________________________ 3.How did his mother die?_______________________________________________________________ 4.Recently it has been found that Ivan’s wife died how?_________________________________________ 5.How did Ivan’s son die?_________________________________________________________________ 6.Why did Ivan have a dramatic change after Ivan Ivanovich was killed?____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.When Ivan died, how was he buried? A. As a kingb. With great honors c. As a monk 8.What happened before Ivan died? A. He became a monk b. He became a King c. He re-married 9.Forensic tests on Anastasia’s hair showed what? A. dehydration b. frostbite c. poison 10.Who was Jonah? A. a Russian spy b. Ivan’s religious leader c. Ivan

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on 16 November Artist: Ilya Repin Medium: Oil Painting on Canvas _____1. What kind of art is this? a. photo b. painting c. sculpture _____2. Who made this art? a. Ivan b. Medium c. Ilya Repin _____3. What year was this created? a. 1581b. 1851c. 16 Look at the art example and answer the following questions based on what you see. _____4. What does these scene look like? a. a family discussion b. a family argument c. a family photo _____5. What has happened? a. a murder b. a fall c. a drowning _____6. How do you think the person died? a. he was hit in the head b. he fell down c. he was shot _____7. Where did this happen? a. at the church b. at the market c. at their home _____8. What do you think was used as the murder weapon? a. the chair b. the staff (walking stick) c. the pillow _____9. How do you think the father feels? a. happy b. upset c. glad 10.Why?______________________________________________________________________________________________ BONUS: _____How do you think this happened? A. on purpose b. On accident Why?________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Peter the Great Peter The Great Timeline 30 May 1672 CE Russia's Tsar Peter the Great, was born in Moscow. 1682CE The rule of Peter I the Great began with his sickly half-brother CE In Russia a rebellion by government Streltsy regiments killed the grandfather, aunts and other relatives of Peter the Great. The Monastery of Peter the Metropolitan was reconstructed and as served as the family necropolis CE The sickly half-brother to Russia's Tsar Peter the Great, Ivan V, dies leaving Peter the Great as the sole ruler of Russia CE Czar Peter the Great begins tour through West-Europe CE Russia's Peter the Great imposed a tax on beards CE Russian Czar Peter the Great departs Netherlands to England CE Peter the Great ordered Russian New Year changed from 1 September to 1 January CE St Petersburg (Leningrad) founded by Peter the Great ( ) 1710 CE Czar Peter the Great sets the first Russian state budget CE Czar Peter the Great ends Russian-orthodox patriarchy CE Czar Peter the Great begins the civil system. 28 Jan 1725 CE Peter the Great, King of Russia, dies in St. Petersburg. Based on the timeline, answer these questions _____1. Why are May 1672 and Jan 1725 listed in a different format? a. they note major literary work dates b. they relate to famous art c. they are birth and death dates _____2. What happened to Peter in 1696? a.His father diedb. His half-brother died c. He moved to Europe _____3. Which happened first? a.Peter set a budgetb. Peter began a civil system c. Peter toured West-Europe _____4. On what did Peter impose a tax? a.Beardsb. Foodc. Houses _____5. What happened last? a.Peter’s half-brother diedb. Peter was bornc. Peter toured West-’Europe 6.Peter changed Russia’s new year to what?________________________________ 7.In 1722 Peter started what?____________________________________________ _____8. Where did Peter go in 1698? a. Netherlandsb. England c. Russia 9.In what city did Peter die?___________________________ 10.In what was Peter born?___________________________