History and Governments of RUSSIA Part 1

Early Russia 1- From what people did modern Russians descend?.

1-From what people did modern Russians descend? The Slavic people

2 -These people settled along rivers of what are today ___________________ and __________________

2 -These people settled along rivers of what are today Ukraine and Russia

3 -These people built a civilization around the city of _________________________.

3 -These people built a civilization around the city of During the A.D. 800s, these early Slavs built a civilization around the city of Kiev [today’s capital of Ukraine].

4 -What was this civilization called?

The Kievan Rus and they prospered from river trade between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire. The people of Kievan Rus converted to Christianity in AD 988

5 -What happened to this civilization in the 1200s?

Mongol warriors from Central Asia conquered Kievan Rus: Kiev lost much of its power.

6 -Many ____ moved north and built ___________: One was the small trading post of _______. It became the center of a new _____ territory called _______. In 1480, Ivan the Great Rejected _______ rule and declared ___________.

6 -Many Slavs moved north and built settlements: One was the small trading post of Moscow. It became the center of a new Slavic territory called Muscovy. In 1480, Ivan the Great rejected Mongol rule and declared independence.

The Czars 7 -_______ developed into Russia. In ____, Ivan the Terrible declared himself czar.

7 -Muscovy developed into Russia. In 1547, Ivan the Terrible declared himself czar.

8 -Define: czar

emperor

9 -Provide facts about the rule of Ivan the Terrible

Ruled harshly with secret police. Conquered neighboring territories. Expanded his empire south to the Caspian Sea and east past the Urals.

10 -Expansion continued under czars ____ the ______and _______________ the ______________. These czars wanted to obtain a ____-___ port for ______. They also wanted to increase Russia’s contact with _____.

10 -Expansion continued under czars Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. These czars wanted to obtain a warm- water port for trade. They also wanted to increase Russia’s contact with Europe.

The Greats: Catherine and Peter

11 -In the early 1700s, _____ the ____built a new capital – ___________, close to Europe near the ______ coast. By this time, the Russian empire extended to the ________ Ocean. It came to include large parts of _________. As a result, non- _____, including many __________ became part of the Russian empire.

11 -In the early 1700s, Peter the Great built a new capital – St. Petersburg, close to Europe near the Baltic coast. By this time, the Russian empire extended to the Pacific Ocean. It came to include large parts of Central Asia. As a result, non- Russians, including many Muslims became part of the Russian empire.

12 - Through the centuries, Russia remained largely _____ and _______. The czars, large ___________and wealthy _________ enjoyed comfortable lives. The majority of Russians, however, were _____________. Many were serfs.

12 - Through the centuries, Russia remained largely rural and agricultural. The czars, large landowners and wealthy merchants enjoyed comfortable lives. The majority of Russians, however, were poor peasants. Many were serfs.

13 -Define: serf

farm laborers who could be bought and sold with the land. Sometimes serfs revolted, but the czars’ armies put down the rebellion.

Revolution 14-What two factors provided Russia a strong defense against invasion?

14-What two factors provided Russia a strong defense against invasion? Russia’s cold climate and large size provided strong defenses against invasion.

15-Summarize Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Provide at least 5 details.

15 -Summarize Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Provide at least 5 details. Napoleon’s French army invaded in 1812, they marched many miles to capture Moscow. Along the way, the Russian army burned villages and any supplies the French could use. The Russians abandoned and burned Moscow; the czar moved to St. Petersburg. In Moscow, French troops had few supplies and were forced to retreat during the brutal Russian winter. Thousands died from the harsh conditions and constant Russian attacks: Russia remained independent.

16-Explain the great changes brought in by Czar Alexander II.

In the late 1800s, Russia entered a period of great change. In 1861, Czar Alexander II freed the Russia’s 40 million serfs; they were still poor, however. Alexander began to modernize the economy, building industries and expanding railroads.

17 - Despite these changes, what remained the same?

Serfs still poor Most Russians remained poor. Unrest spread among workers and peasants.

18 - In 1914, Russia joined _______ and _______ to fight _____ and _______ in WWI. Poorly _______, Russia suffered ______ defeats, losing millions of men from Many Russians blamed Czar _________ for the countries poor performance in the war and for ____ shortages. In ______, people staged a revolution that forced _______ to step down from the throne. Later that year, _____________ led a second revolt that overthrew the temporary government. ______established a ___________ in which the government controlled the economy and society. Fearing invasion, Lenin moved Russia’s capital from coastal ___________ inland to ________.

18 - In 1914, Russia joined France and Britain to fight Germany and Austria in WWI. Poorly prepared, Russia suffered military defeats, losing millions of men from Many Russians blamed Czar Nicholas II for the countries poor performance in the war and for food shortages. In 1917, people staged a revolution that forced Nicholas to step down from the throne. Later that year, Vladimir Lenin led a second revolt that overthrew the temporary government. Lenin established a communist state in which the government controlled the economy and society. Fearing invasion, Lenin moved Russia’s capital from coastal St. Petersburg inland to Moscow