1. What is a push factor? A pull factor? 2. Where did immigrants from Europe pass through to get to the U.S.? From Asia? 3. What were nativists? 4. What act limited Chinese immigration? 5. Who started settlement houses for the poor?

Writer Mark Twain coined this time period the “Gilded Age.” Based on the definition of “gilded” below, why do you think Twain called it that? Gilded: 1. To cover something with a thin layer of gold leaf or a substance that looks like gold 2. To make something seem better than it really is

 The wealthy were making themselves rich at the public’s expense  There was widespread corruption in government

 The spoils system rewarded political supporters with government jobs  In 1883, the Pendleton Act created the Civil Service Commission which filled jobs on the basis of merit

 In 1887, the Interstate Commerce Act forbade rebates and set up the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee railroads  Although difficult to enforce, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, was designed to prohibit businesses from destroying competition

 Politicians called bosses controlled work locally and demanded payoffs from businesses  William (Boss) Tweed cheated New York City out of more than $100 million.

 People who expose corruption and scandals in business and politics  What would be some methods to expose these things?

 Compared reporters who uncovered problems to men who racked up dirt or muck  Was a trustbuster- tried to break up large trusts and monopolies that limited competition

 Demanded more controls on trusts  Accused John D. Rockefeller of unfair business practices  Launched a Supreme Court investigation that forced the Standard Oil Company to break up its trusts

 Photographer and writer who exposed the terrible conditions of slum life  Helped lead to improved fire, police, sanitation and tenement house laws

 Wrote The Jungle  Details about the meatpacking industry  Used meat from sick animals  Lack of sanitation  Helped lead to Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act

"I aimed at the public's heart and by accident hit it in the stomach." Upton Sinclair, on the public reaction to his book The Jungle

PROBLEMS  The Spoils System  Railroads were giving rebates to large corporations  Large trusts got rid of competition  Tenements had terrible living conditions  Meatpacking industry used unsanitary methods SOLUTIONS PEOPLE