shipping

London

 Containers  From one continent to another  Oceans

 Smaller ships  Bringing raw materials to the factories  Canals, rivers, lakes

 Not as polluting as trucks  Cheaper  Over seas  Slow  Still big disasters

Different types of pollution

Sound pollution Caused by shipping and other human enterprises Has increased in recent history This noise caused by ships can travel long distances

Ship impacts Big aquatic animals struck by ships Causes injuries or death! 40% of deaths to whales caused by ship collisions

Exhaust emissions Significant source of air pollution 18%-30% of all nitrogen oxide & 9% of sulphur oxide pollution Amount of sulphur in air is way too high!

Illegal Immigration by Boat → refugees, or asylum seekers → emigration by boat → persistent problem

Historical examples → Vietnamese fugitives, out of the united Vietnam (70’s) → Cubans/Haitians trying to reach Florida → Africans fleeing to Europe (Italy/Spain) → People of Sri Lanka to Australia

“People Smuggling” → Illegal and organized smuggling of people across international borders → High death toll

Conditions on board → Terrible Conditions → Starvation → Diseases → Lucrative ways of hiding

The next European crisis: boat people For the coming year it may be north African boat people who present the greatest danger to European unity. The turmoil over illegal migrants is a consequence of the Arab pro- democracy awakening on the far side of the Mediterranean and perhaps, of the Western military intervention in Libya. More than 20,000 boat people have landed on the Italian island of Lampedusa this year, almost all of them from Tunisia. More than800 have arrived in Malta, mostly from Libya. Source: The Economist.com

Reports on new research shows that in one year, a single large container ship can emit cancer and asthma-causing pollutants equivalent to that of 50 million cars. About 96% of the world trade is carried by maritime transportation. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air. Interestingfacts Interesting facts

Envisage an ideal place to live: Freedom Ship is a floating city housing 50,000 people. It’s located in Palm Harbour, Florida, the United States. The largest cruise ship in the world is the Royal Caribbean’s Allure of the Seas. It is meters long, holds 6,296 passengers

200 billion dollars; that is how much shipping companies will be forced to pay out in 2020 The United States of America wants to reintroduce the Hovercraft, because it’s an all-terrain vehicle. It can go over water, land, sand, swamp etc… it has a large capacity, so tanks and many soldiers can be transported fast to their destination.