WORKS CITED and PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES

Why do I need to cite a source?  To give credit in a paper for ideas that are not your own (no plagiarizing).  To show a reader where to look if he wants more information on his own.  To sound more like an authority on the subjects—add “proof” to your arguments.

What sources should I cite?  Cite sources that give original ideas or facts that were not found in many other sources  Information in encyclopedias or general “about” websites are considered “common knowledge,” so do NOT cite those

Why shouldn’t I cite information in my thesis statement or topic sentences?  NO. Your thesis statement and your topic sentences are YOUR CONCLUSIONS you drew about your research. They should be your OWN IDEAS.  Cite only information contained in your SUPPORTING SENTENCES.

What is a parenthetical reference?  Parenthetical references refer the reader to specific pages in a book, a website, or another source from which quotations or facts are taken (Smith 27).  “Parenthetical” means the information is in (parentheses).

What is a parenthetical reference?  “Reference” means that you are “referring” a reader to go look at your Works Cited page for complete information on that source.  Parenthetical references appears WITHIN the final period of the sentence so they do not break the logical development of your thoughts (“Artillery”).

What is a Works Cited page?  The Works Cited page is an alphabetical listing of each source for which you included a parenthetical reference in your report.  The Works Cited page is the LAST PAGE of your research report.  It is typed directly into the SAME FILE as your report, so it will have the same margins, fonts, etc.

Is a Works Cited a bibliography?  NO. A bibliography, called a Works Consulted, is a list of ALL of the sources you looked at to gain information. These are the yellow and blue citation slips you filled out when you took your notes.  A Works Cited contains ONLY those sources you quote or paraphrase in your research report.

TO CITE A BOOK: (in Research Report) …first day of the conflict. Grant initially opposed the movement of forces up Sparrow Ridge (Jones 374). However, he later….. (on Works Cited page) Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. Author of the book

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. Book title

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. City published If an unknown city, add the state also. Periwinkle, Oregon:

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.Publisher

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. Year published

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. Type of Media (Print or Web)

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento : Sever Press, War. Sacramento : Sever Press, Print. Print. Punctuation is NOT OPTIONAL. Follow the models, and insert every comma, period, and colon.

TO CITE A BOOK: Works Cited Jones, Robert. Great Battles of the Civil War. Sacramento: Sever Press, War. Sacramento: Sever Press, Print. Print. Notice NO PAGE NUMBERS appear on a Works Cited page. The entries are NOT NUMBERED.

TO CITE A WEBSITE: All information known (in Research Report) …Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity (Etheridge). (on Works Cited page) Etheridge, Shirley. “Irish Regiments.” Civil War Site. University of Iowa, 25 May Web. 2 Mar

TO CITE A WEBSITE: Author unknown (in Research Report) …Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity ( “Irish” ). Works Cited “Irish Regiments.” Civil War Site. University of Iowa, 25 May Web. 2 Mar

TO CITE A WEBSITE: Author and article title unknown (in Research Report) …Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity (Civil War). Works Cited Civil War Site. University of Iowa, 25 May Web. 2 Mar

TO CITE A WEBSITE: Author, article, and last update unknown Research Report …Many Irish brigades earned a reputation of bravery and tenacity (Civil War). Works Cited Civil War Site. University of Iowa. Web. 2 Mar

How should I format the Works Cited page?

THE HEADER AND DOUBLE-SPACING ARE CARRIED FORWARD TO THIS PAGE

NO MLA INFORMATION IS AT THE TOP! This page should be typed directly IN YOUR REPORT after setting a PAGE BREAK.

CENTER THE TITLE; DO NOT SPACE DOWN (USE ONE-INCH TOP MARGIN) DO NOT USE BOLD, UNDERLINE, QUOTES

ALPHABETIZE ALL ENTRIES (exclude a, the, an)

PUNCTUATION IS IMPORTANT! (follow the models exactly)

BEGIN ALL LINES AT THE LEFT; INDENT CARRY-OVER LINES

How many sources should I list on my Works Cited page?  ENGLISH 8: Include at least 3 different sources on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be from Wikipedia). That means you will have 3 related parenthetical references within your report.  ENGLISH 8 HONORS: Include at least 5 different sources on your Works Cited page (only 1 may be from Wikipedia). That means you will have 5 related parenthetical references within your report.