General Geology - GEOL 1113 Instructor: Dr. Glen S. Mattioli, Professor Office: Ozark Hall 27B Office Hours: MWF 10: :30 AM Office Phone: Class Web Page:

2006 Exams, Syllabus, and Grading Class Purpose: To introduce undergraduate students to physical geology, Earth’s internal structure and materials, and Geologic Time. Emphasis will be on developing close connections between Earth materials and processes within a Plate Tectonic framework. Four 1 Hour Examinations and Comprehensive Final Part I - Rocks and Minerals: Fri. Sept. 22nd Part II - Geologic Time and Surface Processes: Fri. Oct. 20th Part III - Deformation, Earthquakes, & Earth Structure: Mon. Nov. 13th Part IV - The Big Picture: Tectonics & Orogenesis: Fri. Dec. 1st FINAL - Saturday, December 9th, 7:30-9:30 AM

Grades and Grading

Physical Geology, 11/e Charles C. Plummer California State University at Sacramento Diane H. Carlson California State University at Sacramento The Late David McGeary Emeritus of California State University at Sacramento Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Required Text

Chapter 1 Introduction to Physical Geology

Why Study Geology? Mitigating Geologic Hazards –Earthquakes –Volcanoes Supplying Things We Need –Metals –Minerals –Petroleum Protecting the Environment –Water cycle –Global Change: Sea level rise Understanding Our Surroundings –The Earth’s relationship to other planets –Geological Time

Los Angeles Basin

Recent Southern California Earthquakes Northridge (94)San Fernando (71)Sierra Madre (91) Whitter Narrorws (87)Long Beach (33) From:

TIME: January 17, :30:55 am PST LOCATION: 34° 12.80' N, 118° 32.22'W; 20 miles west-northwest of Los Angeles 1 mile south-southwest of Northridge MAGNITUDE: M W 6.7 TYPE OF FAULTING: blind thrust FAULT INVOLVED: Northridge Thrust (also known as the Pico Thrust) DEPTH: 18.4 km Northridge Earthquake Facts

Northridge CA earthquake Jan. 17, 1994,

Northridge Earthquake

Northridge Aftershocks

Original AVS animation by Ian Sammis and Damien Sullivan.

Northridge Rupture Model Wald, David J., Heaton, Thomas H., and Hudnut, K.W. The Slip History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined From Strong-Motion, Teleseismic, GPS, and Leveling Data, Special Northridge Earthquake Issue of the Bull. of the Seismo. Soc. of America

Convergent Margin Magma Genesis

Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, June 15, 1991

Plymouth, Montserrat - Destroyed by pyroclastic flows in 1996/7 Photo credit: G. Mattioli

Automobiles - Always Thirsty for Gas!

Source:

Alaska Pipeline

An Overview of Physical Geology—Important Concepts Internal Processes: How the Earth’s Internal Heat Engine Works The Earth’s Interior The Theory of Plate Tectonics Surficial Processes: The Earth’s External Heat Engine

Convection Examples

Rayleigh-Benard Convection

Earth Structure

Convection in the Mantle

convection in the mantle models observed heat flow warm: near ridges cold: over cratons from: from:

From: "Dynamic models of Tectonic Plates and Convection" (1994) by S. Zhong and M. Gurnis

Earth’s Plates

obvious from space that Earth has two fundamentally different physiographic features: oceans (71%) and continents (29%) global topography from: crust

Convergent Margins and Magma Genesis

MORB Genesis

Submarine Pillow Basalt Formation

Ocean Crust Age-Depth Relations

Cross-cutting relationships

Simplified Geologic Time Scale