Phrasal verbs Normal English verb that is followed by a small adverb – “adverb particle” Particularly common in informal writing and speech

Adverb particles and prepositions Words like down, in, up are not always prepositions prepositions = have an object f.ex. “I ran down the road.” “She jumped off the wall.” adverbs = no objects f.ex. “Sit down.” “Did you switch the lights off?”

Adverb particles and prepositions Typical adverb particles and prepositions: above, about, across, ahead, along, around, aside, away back, before, behind, below, by forward, in, home, near, off, on, out, over, past, through, under, up

Exceptions Only adverb particles: back, away Only prepositions: from, during

Types of phrasal verbs Literal and idiomatic meaning Literal meaning (almost same or similar meaning to the original verb) “Take off your shoes before you come in.” Idiomatic meaning (new meaning completely different from the original verb) “We took off in the middle of the storm.”

Types of phrasal verbs Two or three-part verbs Two-part verbs deal with, get over, head for, join in … Three-part verbs catch up with cut down on drop in on get on/along with, get back to, go up to keep up with live up to look forward to, look out for, look out onto put up with run out of

Types of phrasal verbs Transitive and intransitive verbs Transitive verbs (have an object) “He left her, but she is getting over it.” “I´ll pick you up at 4.” Intransitive verbs (do not have an object) “I got up at 7 a.m.” “The plane took off.”

Types of phrasal verbs Transitive inseparable and separable verbs Inseparable verbs (object comes after the phrasal verb) “Could you deal with it, please?” Separable verbs object phrases tend to be put after the particle/preposition “We brought up this child.” pronouns are always put in between “We brought her up.”

Hints to learn phrasal verbs A Choose an adverb particle and find verbs that could be connected with it f.ex. along – bring along, come along, get along Choose a verb and find as many particles as possible f.ex. bring – along, in, on, out

Hints to learn phrasal verbs B Study every new phrasal verb carefully, look at the context of use, check the meaning/meanings

Literature: Bakalářová, N.: Anglická gramatika (ARSCI, 2005) Gráf, T., Peters, S.: Nová cvičebnice anglické gramatiky (Polyglot, 1998) Swan, M.: Practical English Usage (Oxford University Press, 2009) Vince, M.: Intermediate Language Practice with key (Macmillan, 2003)

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