S ENTENCE S TRUCTURE ENC0025L Unit 3

S ENTENCE T YPES Simple Compound Complex Compound- Complex

S ENTENCE S TRUCTURE Introduction: What is a clause ? A group of related words that has a subject and a predicate (Subject & Verb) Any other group of related words that does not have a subject and a verb combination must be a phrase. Types: Independent & Dependent Clauses Independent Clause= Subject/Verb/Complete Idea: Mary plays tennis.

C LAUSES : Dependent Clause= Subject/Verb/Incomplete Idea: Because Mary plays tennis. There are two types of dependent clauses: Subordinating clause Subordinating Conjunction+ Subject+ Verb. Example: Because Mary plays tennis. Relative Clause: Relative Pronoun+Subject+Verb.Example: Bob insisted that we finish early. (that we finish early: Relative pronoun+Subject+Verb = Relative Clause)

S ENTENCE STRUCTURE CHART © TYPEIND. CLAUSEDEP. CLAUSETRANS. SIMPLE Only 10N/A COMPOUND 2 or more01/ S/V/I/,FANBOYS S/V/I 2/ ; adv. Conj, 3/ ; COMPLEX Only 11 or more1/ Ind. CL + Dep. Cl 2/ Dep. CL+,+ Ind. CL COMPOUND-COMPLEX 2 or more1 or moreAny of the above SENTENCE TYPES

SIMPLE SENTENCE Mary plays tennis. SUBJECT PREDICATE one subject one predicate

S IMPLE S ENTENCE play tennis.Tom and Mary Compound Subject &

S IMPLE S ENTENCE play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary Compound Subject Compound Predicate & &

Hi, I’m Punctuation Pete!

SIMPLE SENTENCE WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT AND COMPOUND PREDICATE No comma before “and” in compound subjects and predicates! Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

C OMPOUND S ENTENCE WITH C OORDINATING C ONJUNCTIONS SUBJECTPREDICATE SUBJECT PREDICATE and

C OMPOUND S ENTENCE Tomswims, Maryplays tennis. and

COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Comma before “and” in compound sentences!

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS MOREOVER HOWEVER OTHERWISE THEREFORE

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent

COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Note: Semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb! Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

C ONJUNCTIVE A DVERBS “ FLOAT ” Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “ floating ” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich. Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

C OMPLEX S ENTENCE Bobis popular heis ugly. even though

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS EVEN THOUGH WHEN BECAUSE UNLESS WHEREAS ADVERB CLAUSES

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Bob is popular even though he is ugly. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Dependent

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular. Clause 1 Clause 2 Dependent Independent

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT followed by a comma! Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma! Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

C OMPOUND -C OMPLEX S ENTENCE Mikeis popular heis good looking, because heis not very happy. but

P RACTICE E XERCISES Each one of you is going to read the sentence on each practice slide and select the correct sentence type: Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex. Hint: Count how many independent and dependent clauses, and use the sentence type chart you copied.

30 The clown frightened the little girl. SimpleSimple

31 After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short. ComplexComplex

32 The clown frightened the little girl, and she ran off screaming. CompoundCompound

33 The Freedom Riders departed on May 4, SimpleSimple

34 The Freedom Riders departed on May4, 1961, and they were determined to travel through many southern states. CompoundCompound

35 After Mary added up all the sales, she discovered that the lemonade stand was 32 cents short. ComplexComplex

36 After you finish the first assignment, take a break. ComplexComplex

37 After finishing the first assignment, you may take a break. SimpleSimple

38 There are no Available seats. SimpleSimple

39 Catch-22 is widely regarded as Joseph Heller’s best novel, and because Heller served in World War II, which the novel Satirizes, the zany but savage Wit of the novel packs an Extra punch. compound-Complexcompound-Complex

40 AnyQuestions?