English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ CHAPTER 8 ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Use adjectives and adverbs skillfully (adverb describing Use)Use adjectives and adverbs skillfully (adverb describing Use) Adjectives Adjectives describe (modify) nouns nouns or or pronouns Adverbs describe (modify) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ The four kinds of adjectives are Articles: A, an, the -- An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Pointers: Pointers: This, that, these, those (when preceding a noun; otherwise they are pronouns) pronouns) -- I like these kinds of apples. That cake cake is tasty. Limiting: Limiting: Define quantity, such as some, few, several, many many -- John ate a few few apples.

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Describing: Describing: Add details, depth, and color color to language -- consider some of the ways to describe an apple apple -- shiny, ripe, crunchy, red, rotten, big, small, tasty, rare, expensive, yummy, mushy, green, beautiful, sweet, delicious, wormy, ripe, candied… Can you think of other descriptive adjectives for an an apple?

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Adverbs Adverbs often -- but not always -- end with ly AdverbAdverb describing a verb –Sofia –Sofia sang beautifully. AdverbAdverb describing adjective –She –She is a beautifully gifted gifted singer. often is an adverb -- no ly

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Adverb describing another adverbAdverb describing another adverb – The detective very stupidly failed to spot a major clue. Did you know? The adverb very is probably the MOST overused adverb!

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Use this and that with singular nouns -- this soup, this kind, that dog, that apple Use these and those with plural nouns -- these types, those kinds, those fireworks use them there, this here, that there, or kind of if you want to appear well-educated.

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ AN The three words THE form a group of adjectives called An interesting fact! A

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ AN If a word begins with a vowel sound, use an an interesting fact… an apple, an emblem, an injury, an odor, an umbrella -- an honor remember vowel sound

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Avoid double negatives. Do not combine these words in the same sentence! nono notnot nobodynobody nonenone nowherenowhere can’tcan’t couldn’tcouldn’t aren’taren’t wouldn’twouldn’t don’tdon’t nevernever scarcelyscarcely doesn’t won’t hardly haven’t shouldn’t neither You shouldn’t never do it if you want to sound well-educated (See why?)

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ The comparative form compares Positive He’sHe’s fast clumsy friendly Add er Comparative She’s faster She’s faster She’s clumsier She’s clumsier She’s friendlier She’s friendlier (Notice thater hastwoletters, and it’s used to comparetwo things.) (Notice that er has two letters, and it’s used to compare two things.)

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Another option is to use more or less instead of er. more beautifulmore beautiful more beautifullymore beautifully more logicalmore logical more logicallymore logically more carefulmore careful more usefulmore useful less extravagantless extravagant less extravagantlyless extravagantly NEVER beautifuler or logicaler English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ The superlative form compares To make an adjective or adverb adverb superlative, superlative, add add est (Notice that that est est has has three three letters, and it’s used to compare compare three or more.)

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458PositiveComparativeSuperlativeyoungyounger youngest slowslowerslowest prettyprettier prettiest

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Another option is to use more/most or less/least (your textbook explains how) most intelligentmost intelligently least carefulleast carefully less carefulleast expensively more careful most careful She was more better. He was most cutest. Never put more, most, less, or least before a modifier ending in er or est

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Irregular adjectives/adverbs change from positive to comparative/superlative in ways. For example, note how better is comparative form for both good and well Adjectives Adverbs good better best well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Sue is a ____ AdjectivesAdverbs good better best well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst cook. cook.good But Tom is ______ But Tom is ______better. Lee is the ____ best cook of all.

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ AdjectivesAdverbs good better best well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst Sue cooks _____ well. ( (( (adverb) Tom cooks _______ b bb better. (adverb) Lee cooks _____ best of all. (adverb)

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ AdjectivesAdverbs good better best well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst Sue cooked badly Sue cooked badly. Tom cooked worse worse. Lee cooked worst of all. NOT BAD, WORSER, OR WORSTEST!

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ Sure and real are adjectives, so don’t use them to describe other adjectives. Use adverbs (surely, really) or nothing at all. I’m glad you asked. I’m surely glad you asked. I’m happy to marry you. I’m really happy. I’m sure glad you asked. I’m real happy.

English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ YOU can use adjectives and adverbsYOU can use adjectives and adverbs skillfully!