Parts of Speech Overview If reviewing this Power Point on your own, please have your Holt Handbook handy.

To Begin On a clean piece of paper, number 1 - 20 Page 2 of your Holt Handbook. Complete the Diagnostic Preview: Identifying Parts of Speech.

Answers Preposition Adjective Noun Verb Interjection Conjunction Adverb Pronoun Adjective Verb Noun Conjunction Preposition

Preview Nouns Pronouns Common and Proper Concrete and Abstract Collective Compound Pronouns Personal Reflexive and Intensive Demonstrative Interrogative Relative Indefinite

Nouns Definition (refer to 1a on page 3) A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea Example: The dog ate the cat.

Common and Proper Nouns Page 3 of Holt Handbook Common Noun Names one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas Proper Nouns Names a particular person, place, thing, or idea

Concrete and Abstract On your paper, sketch the following: Award Courage Adventure Monkey

Concrete and Abstract Nouns Concrete Noun Names a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses Abstract Noun Names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or a characteristic

Collective and Compound Nouns Page 4 in your Holt Handbook Collective Noun Singular form naming a group. Example: This class. While there are many of us, this class is regarded as one. Compound Noun Consists of two or more words that together name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

The Pronoun Page 5 in your Holt Handbook Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. Antecedent: The word that the pronoun replaces.

The Pronoun Write down this sentence: Mr. Kelly smells his armpit. Underline the nouns (there are two). Circle the pronoun (the word that takes the place of, in this case, a noun) Box the Antecedent (the noun the pronoun replaces)

The Adjective

Preview Define Articles Words can be both?!? Proper Adjectives Exercises

The Adjective Refer to page 9 in your Holt Handbook Definition: An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun Modify: To describe or to make more definite the meaning of the word. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling what kind, which one, how many, or how much It is important to understand the term “modify.” We will be using this term throughout the year.

Articles A, An, and The Three of the most common words. Our Holt Handbook refers to articles as Adjectives – other grammarians do not. I tend the believe they are their own part of speech. Three of the most common words. A and an are Indefinite articles The is a definite article

Whaaatt!?! Some words can be both adjectives or pronouns or both adjectives and nouns. It is important to read the complete sentence and work in context. Examples on page 10 and 11

Proper Adjectives An adjective formed from a proper noun A lecture of Mr. Kellian proportions. See page 12 for more examples

The Verb and the Adverb

Preview Definition Action and Linking Verbs Main and Helping Verbs Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Exercises

The Verb Definition: A verb expresses action or a state of being Refer to page 13 in your Holt Handbook Definition: A verb expresses action or a state of being Examples: run, sit, think, dance, wallop. In my opinion: Verbs are the key to sentences.

Action verbs and Linking Verbs Action verbs: Expresses either physical or mental activity (see chart, page 13) Linking verbs: connects the subject to a word or work group in the predicate. If this is mumbo-jumbo to you now, spend time memorizing the charts on page 14.

Main Verbs and Helping Verbs Verb phrases: Consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs. Refer to chart on page 15.

Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs Object: a word that tells who or what received the action. Definition: Transitive Verb has an object Definition: Intransitive Verb does not have an object Refer to page 16 for examples

Exercise Take out a clean piece of paper and turn to page 17 of your Holt Handbook. Complete “Exercise 3: Identifying and Classifying Verbs” However, follow these directions: For each sentence, write down the verb(s) present in each sentence. The following slide shows the number of verbs for each sentence.

Exercise 3 template One verb phrase One verb, one verb phrase Three verb phrases Four verbs One verb Two verbs

Exercise 3 answers Has borrowed Sounds; do hear Will pronounce; will spell; had come Hides; gives; is Might have come Came Is Adopted; became Became; led know

The Adverb Works much like and adjective An Adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Reminder: To modify means to describe or make more definite the meaning of a word. Adverbs tell how, when, where, or to what extent (how much or how long) Refer to page 18 for examples.

Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

Preposition Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition, to another word.

Examples The puppy ran beside me. The puppy ran toward me. The puppy ran around me. The puppy ran past me. The puppy ran after me. The puppy ran behind me. The puppy ran in front of me.

Preposition or Adverb? Preposition: We drove around the parking lot. (The compound noun parking lot is the object of around.) Adverb: We drove around for a while. (Around modifies the verb drove.)

Compound Prepositions A preposition that consists of two or more words. Examples: The young sculptor made a scale model of Mount Rushmore out of clay. She placed a photograph of Mount Rushmore next to her clay model.

Homework Exercise 5, pg. 22, #1-10 Write the complete sentences with the prepositions that you used.

Joins words or word groups The Conjunction Joins words or word groups

Coordinating Conjunctions Joins word or word groups that are used in the same way. Example: We found a bat and a glove. They may be hiding in the attic or the basement.

Correlative Conjunctions Pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way. Examples: Both athletes and singers must train for long hours. We searched not only behind the garage but also under the pecan tree.

Subordinating Conjunctions Begins a subordinate clause (not a complete thought) and connects it to an independent clause. Example: We arrived late because our train was delayed. While Sherlock Holmes explained his theory, Dr. Watson listened quietly.

The Interjection Expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.

Examples Well, I think you should apologize to her. Ouch! That hurts!

Example from Friday’s quiz Zippers, which most people use several times each week, were not invented until 1893. Adverb Preposition Adjective Conjunction