Lesson 3

Review of Lesson 2

בּ Qamets a as in father long vowel

בּ Tsere e as in they long vowel

בּ Holem o as in role long vowel

בּ Patach a as in father short vowel

בּ Seghol e as in better short vowel

בּ Hireq i as in bitter short vowel

בּ Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle short vowel

בּ Qibbuts u as in ruler short vowel

בּ Hateph Patach a as in amuse reduced vowel

בּ Hateph Seghol e as in metallic reduced vowel

בּ Hateph Qamets o as in commit reduced vowel

בּ Sheva a as in maroon OR silent

בּוֹ Holem vav o as in role unchangeable long vowel

בּוּ Shureq u as in ruler unchangeable long vowel

Syllabification

Two Rules of Syllabification Every syllable must begin with one consonant and have only one vowel. There are only two types of syllables: open and closed. Open syllables end with vowel Closed syllables end with a consonant דָּ׀בָר

Hebrew Accents Hebrew words are usually accented (stressed) on the last syllable English generally stresses the first syllable Compare ‘David’ to דָוִד Compare ‘Hebrew’ to עִבְרִי Some Hebrew words are stressed on a different syllable and are an marked with an accent symbol סֵ ֫ ׀פֶר

Syllable Classification Tonic Pretonic Propretonic סֵ ֫ פֶר סְפָרִים סְ׀פָ׀רִים סֵ ֫ ׀פֶר

The Daghesh and Syllabification The Daghesh Lene does not affect syllabification. The Daghesh Forte, however, does affect syllabification because it doubles the value of the consonant. אַתָּה (tav is rendered twice) אַת׀תָּה Since the Taw ( תּ ) is doubled, it functions both as the final consonant of the first syllable and the first consonant of the second syllable תְּפִלָּה ➣ תְּ׀פִל׀לָה

Dagesh Lene or Forte? The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Forte if preceded by a vowel ( אַתָּה, preceded by the Pathach vowel). The Daghesh in a begadkephat is a Lene if preceded by a consonant ( מַלְכָּה, preceded by ל with Silent Shewa). A begadkephat letter at the beginning of a word takes a Daghesh Lene unless the previous word ends in a vowel ( דָּבָר, with Daghesh Lene begins the word). תּ כּ דּ

The Shewa and Syllabification The Vocal Shewa Vocal if not immediately preceded by a short vowel Initial Shewa is always as in בְּרָכָה The 2nd of two side by side shewa’s is vocal מִשְׁפְּטֵי A Shewa under any consonant with Daghesh Forte is vocal as in הַמְּלָכִים A Shewa after an unaccented long vowel is vocal, as in כֹּתְבִים

The Shewa and Syllabification The Silent Shewa Silent if the previous vowel is short The first of two contiguous (side-by-side) Shewas within a word is silent A Shewa at the end of a word is silent, as in כָּתַ ֫ בְתְּ Shewa under a gutteral is always silent

וַיִּוָּלְדוּ and they were born Practice

וְאָהַבְת אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיך ָ בְכָל לְבָבְך The V’ahavta ָּּ ָ

Vocabulary List

אָדָם man, mankind, Adam

אֶ ֫ רֶץ land, earth, ground

אֱלֹהִים God, gods, mighty ones

אָב father, ancestor

אֵל God, god

בֵּן son

בַּ ֫ יִת house, household

דָּבָר word, matter, thing

יוֹם man, mankind, Adam

יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

יְרוּשָׁלַ ֫ םִ Jerusalem

יְהוָה Yahweh, Yahveh

מִצְרַ ֫ יִם Egypt

מֹשֶׁה Moses, Mosheh

מֶ ֫ לֶךְ king, ruler

סוּס horse

עֶ ֫ בֶד slave, servant

פַּרְעֹה Pharaoh

שָׁנָה year

שֵׁם name, reputation

שָׁלוֹם Shalom!

Hebrew in the Home