English accents 10. Liverpool (Scouse).

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Presentation transcript:

English accents 10. Liverpool (Scouse)

Liverpool located in Merseyside Scouse accent

1. Northernisms BATH words have /æ/ (phonetically [a]) STRUT words have /ʊ/ BATH words have /æ/ (phonetically [a]) [g] is retained after [ŋ]

In the north of England, /ʊ/ and /ʌ/ have not become separate phonemes No FOOT-STRUT split put pʊt cut kʊt full fʊl dull dʊl In the north of England, /ʊ/ and /ʌ/ have not become separate phonemes

no BATH broadening æ remains short / _ [-voi +fric] bæθ pass, glass, grass, staff, raft, laugh, bath, path, after, castle Rhymes: bath - math(s), castle - tassel, pass - gas

lexical incidence: BATH words typical southern accent TRAP æ BATH ɑː START ɑː gas, pass, farce æ ɑː ɑː typical northern accent TRAP a BATH a START aː gas, pass, farce a a aː

strong short vowel systems typical southern system (6 vowels) typical northern system (5 vowels) ɪ ʊ e ʌ æ ɒ ɪ ʊ ɛ TRAP a ɒ LOT KIT FOOT KIT FOOT-STRUT DRESS STRUT DRESS TRAP LOT

final [g] remains after [ŋ] compare sɪŋg ˈsɪŋgɪŋg ˈsɪŋgə ˈfɪŋgə [g] retained in northwest England, lost elsewhere

2. Irish characteristics /θ, ð/ are realized as plosives (TH stopping) /t/ is realized as a fricative in certain positions /l/ lacks clear-dark allophony

TH stopping (London) D becomes d in initial position text messaging: da = the wiv dis = with this

TH stopping θ  t̻ or t ð  d̻ or d thick and thin a thick tick faith - fate breathe - breed father these and those

no clear-dark /l/ allophony mɪlk ʃɛl bʊlb ˈbɒtlz wɔːl ˈpɛnsl

3. Other striking Scouse characteristics frication or affrication of other plosives /eə/ is merged with /ɜː/ the GOAT vowel is realized as [oʊ] or [eʊ] non-standard intonation patterns

frication or affrication of plosives k  x (or χ or kx or qχ) in final position d  dz snake [sneɪx] back [bax] work [wɛ̈ːx] NB: no phoneme /x/ Dad [dzadz]

SQUARE vowel merged with NURSE vowel fare = fur [fɛ̈ː, fɜː] Homophones: stare - stir pair - purr fairy = furry work [wɛ̈ːx] [ˈmɜːri]

goat goːt  goʊt ( geʊt) long mid diphthonging face feːs  feɪs day deɪ goat goːt  goʊt ( geʊt) GOAT vowel as [oʊ] or [eʊ] noʊ aɪ doʊnt No, I don't neʊ aɪ deʊnt

prosodic characteristics: intonation I don't /like ¯it = RP etc I don't \like it Are 'you from \Liverpool? = RP etc Are 'you from /Liverpool?