Exporting to USA Phytosanitary Requirements Lindi Benic´ Manager: Trade/ Market Access Affairs DFPT- Research / South African Table Grape Industry (SATI)

Overview – Past and Present May 2002 – USDA-APHIS, DoA, Plant Health (PH); industry meeting, focus re: pre-clearance matters re: USA Special Export Protocols for Deciduous & Citrus  APHIS concerns/ actions for 2002/03/ future re: high phytosanitary pest interceptions Maintaining 3-strike principle, including 21 day running average/ 25% rejection limit /1st/ 20%/ 2ndyear, & immediate implementatiof MB fumigation or cessation of program October 2002 - Pome / Table Grape Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) developed/ key pests (submitted via SAT/ SAAPPA to DPH), as part of 2002/03 USA work plan - to manage above (included production/ post-harvest pest control & monitoring, pre-filtering inspection by PPECB, prior to USDA-inspection, exporter self-regulation audit guideline & emergency procedure/ mandatory producer meetings Oct. 02)  Awareness A4 worksheets & posters/ key phyto. pests printed/ provided to DoA/ PPECB inspectors; participating growers/ exporters, part of SOP’s March 2003 - USDA-APHIS, DoA, PH; industry meeting re: Critical issues/ running average principle/ 03,  Mealybug rejections/ pome fruit  related ID; survey; MB fumigation projects initiated March 04 September 2003 – USDA-APHIS accepted/ revised Table grape export protocol for 2003/04  including pre-clearance option/ utilised by organic producers & option for fumigation on arrival/ USA, without pre-clearance (Process initiated due to difficulty to manage running average re: key phyto. pests)  Highlights impacts - Phytosanitary non-compliance !!!

USA - Table Grape Exports Key Requirements 2004 - 2007

2004/ 05 – Table Grape Export requirements USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!! Table grape protocol included : Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation - on arrival/ US port of entry) options & in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day) Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan) (Pear Leaf roller; Weevil; Fruit fly Mealybug) DOA Registration / Pre-clearance option – Organic Table grapes Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!! (organic table grape exports) Non-pre-clearance obligatory fumigation option (self-imposed pre-inspection procedure) DOA, PH highlighted APHIS concerns re: phytosanitary pest interceptions over past seasons List 6 most common quarantine pest interceptions provided to DOA during bilateral discussions with APHIS Sept.04 - APHIS requirement for GAP’s for key phytosanitary pests

[received during bilateral discussions with APHIS, 28/09/2004] Most common quarantine pests intercepted on Table Grapes in SA (October 2000 – September 2003) [received during bilateral discussions with APHIS, 28/09/2004] Common name Scientific name No. of interceptions Banded fruit weevil (Vine snout beetle) Phlyctinus callosus 32 Pear leaf roller (Not Apple leaf roller) Epichoristodes acerbella (Not Tortrix capensana) 20 Dusty surface beetle Gonocephalum simplex 11 Stink bug Carbula litigatrix Grain cinch bug (Grain stink bug) Macchiademus diplopterus 7 Cotton stainer Dysdercus fasciatus 6

[USA 2005 - 10 Jan.05 – 24 Feb.05 interception data] Additional quarantine pests intercepted on Organic Table Grapes in SA in 2005 [USA 2005 - 10 Jan.05 – 24 Feb.05 interception data] Common name Scientific name No. of interceptions Coleoptera spp. 2 Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata False codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) 1

Related implications…!!! May 2005 - USDA-APHIS, DOA, DPH, industry meeting ~ Focus FCM risk management / citrus, included FCM risk management / table grapes ~ Particularly re: 2004/ 05 pre-cleared organic grape interceptions, including FCM / related need for system/ GAP requirements, suspension of organic programme/ extended cold- steri for FCM Changes to 2005/ 06 SA grape export program - USDA-APHIS letter Sept. 05  Due to 4 FCM interceptions since 2001 / high interceptions other pests in 04/ 05 pre-clearance program  APHIS now considers grapes host of FCM - adoption 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly !!!  Applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes !!!! ~ Organic grape pre-clearance 21 day running average period reduced to 14 days due to unacceptable insect interceptions during 04/ 05, rejections reached 31.62 % exceeding 20 % - program suspension !!!  APHIS required SA organic grape producers initiate system/ GAP’s to control key pests intercepted, re: SA organic grape imports being reinstated ~ Sampling in duplicate  Highlights critical need to ensure Phytosanitary compliance to avoid related impacts - other special programs eg. China Table Grape Protocol – 22 day !!!

2005/ 06/ 07 - Export requirements… USA special export programme  focus to Maintain Access (non-organic SA grape exports to USA ) re: organic programme is reinstated !!!! Table grape protocol : Pre-clearance/ obligatory fumigation option (on arrival in US port of entry) & in-transit cold-steri  extended 22 day cold treatment for FCM & fruit fly, applicable to pre-cleared organic & fumigated grapes  DOA Registration required – Organic Grapes (audit by DOA as part of system) Pre-clearance - 14 day running average - organic table grape exports USDA-APHIS require GAP protocols for key phyto pests/ FCM concern !!! Required system/GAP’s - organic grape exports to be reinstated !!! Includes Packhouse requirements to manage certain key pests Two Biometric samples for inspection – organic grapes (i) DoA (ii) DoA/ USDA

2007 - Export requirements… Alternate to 22 day non-pre-clearance option requirement submitted to USDA-APHIS by DoA, PH on behalf of Table Grape Industry  Early 2007 (Written request)  DOA Registration & Inspection by DoA Consignment sampled / inspected by DoA, APIS  Phytosanitary certificate issued  FCM-free Cold-steri - Medfly – 14 day Port of Entry Obligatory Fumigation (existing requirements) USDA-APHIS – response awaited ex. APHIS ~ DoA (MHolthauzen) confirmed ~ USDA-APHIS letter received by Dr Visser, DoA, PH ~ Requesting info. re: distribution of FCM in North

USA – Pome Fruit Exports Key Requirements

2004 - 07 – Pome Export requirements USA special export programme - focus to Maintain Access !!!! Pome Fruit protocol includes : Pre-clearance & in-transit cold-steri (re: fruit fly - 14 day) Standard operating procedures (SOP’s) for key pests (part work plan) (Banded fruit weevil/ apples; Grain Cinch Bug/ pears;Cotton Stainers/ pome;Mealybugs/ pome) DOA Registration Pre-clearance - 21 day running average not exceeding 20 % rejection !!! (Pears – 2007/ running average - 0%/ 100% pass rate; Apples no exports re: fruit size)

GAP Management /Application Phytosanitary Pests

Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata

USA – ORGANIC TABLE GRAPES Key phytosanitary pests requiring GAP’s on Table Grapes in SA (refer GAP documents for further details) Common name Scientific name Banded fruit weevil Phlyctinus callosus Pear leaf roller (Not Apple leaf roller) Epichoristodes acerbella (Not Tortrix capensana) Grapevine mealybug Planococcus ficus Fruit flies (Mediterranean fruit fly & Natal fruit fly) Ceratitis capitata & Ceratitis rosa False codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) Contaminants (Grain cinch bug, Cotton stainer, Dusty surface beetle, Stink bug/ other) Macchiademus diplopterus, Dysdercus fasciatus, Gonocephalum simplex, Carbula litigatrix/ other

CHINA – TABLE GRAPE PROTOCOL Quarantine pests of concern to China requiring GAP’s (Annex 1: 1.- 9. - refer relevant GAP documents for details) Scientific name Common name 1. Ceratatis capitata Mediterranean Fruit Fly 2. Ceratitis rosa Natal fruit fly 3. Frankliniella occidentalis Western flower thrips 4. Planococcus ficus Grapevine mealybug 5. Eutypa lata Eutypa die-back 6. Aleurocanthus woglumi Citrus blackfly 7. Hemiberlesia rapax Greedy scale 8. Grapevine Virus A 9. Raglius apicalis * Cryptophlebia leucotreta False codling moth (FCM) !!!

USA Countries Access status Phytosanitary requirements Sanitary USA Maintain access Table grapes (TG) Pome (apple; pear) Stone (peach/ nect.; plum) Key Phyto. Pests: Medfly; FCM !!! Yes (PRA/ Protocol) Re: Organic Table grapes APHIS - required GAP’s Key Phyto. Pests / FCM concerns !! Pome – SOP’s for Key Phytosanitary Pests (Bioterrorism/ MRL/ Food Safety) NB. Related MRL Compliance – all export markets !!!!

* GAP’s required for 9 Key pests ….FCM !!!! CHINA Countries Access status Phytosanitary requirements Sanitary China Maintain access Table grapes Yes (PRA/ Protocol) * GAP’s required for 9 Key pests ….FCM !!!! No

* GAP/ Plantex Application/ other- Phyllictinus callosus Israel Countries Access status Phytosanitary requirements Sanitary Israel (Orange/ Hex) Maintain Access Yes (PRA/ Protocol) * GAP/ Plantex Application/ other- Phyllictinus callosus No

General Principles for Pest Management of Key Phytosanitary Pests Apply relevant GAP’s / SOP’s/ other – manage pest thresholds ~ Effective Pest Monitoring (Trapping/ Physical / other) ~ Effective pest managenent - in orchard/ vineyard ~ Effective pest managemet - Packhouse/ during transporation – NB. Hitchhikers/ contaminants ~ Effective sanitation – orchard/ vineyard/ packhouse / other ~ Cultural control – when applicable ~ Apply sound IPM principles where possible  ENSURE MRL Compliance - Methomyl use !!!  Table grapes/ pears - EU Rapid Alert Notification Maintain Records ~ Monitoring / trapping records/ counts ~ Scouting records when threshold levels reached ~ Dates lures/ traps changed ~ Treatments applied – chemical/ other ~ Other Ensure Traceability

Phytosanitary Research Priorities Current Priorities ~ Effect of Methyl bromide fumigation on quality - table grapes; pome ~ Effect of irradiation on quality - table grapes; pome ~ Testing diff. phyto. pests utilising diff. treatments - table grapes; pome ~ Control of pear leaf roller on table grapes ~ Monitoring FCM in table grape regions ~ Survey of chinch bugs in Western Cape orchards (pome) ~ Pest-risk analysis of fruit fly introductions (Bactocera invadens; B. spp.) & assessment of current fruit fly management practices

THANK YOU DANKIE